ArticleJournal of child psychology and psychiatry, and allied disciplines2023
Using machine-learning methods to identify early-life predictors of 11-year language outcome.
Article in Journal of child psychology and psychiatry, and allied disciplines, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
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1 citing paper in PubMed.
- Uncovering the determinants of infant and toddler childcare demand in less-developed rural China: a machine learning perspective.Frontiers in public health · 2026Article
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7 authors.
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No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundLanguage is foundational for neurodevelopment and quality of life, but an estimated 10% of children have a language disorder at age 5. Many children shift between classifications of typical and low language if assessed at multiple times in the early years, making it difficult to identify which children will have persisting difficulties and benefit most from support. This study aims to identify a parsimonious set of preschool indicators that predict language outcomes in late childhood, using data from the population-based Early Language in Victoria Study (n = 839).
methodsParents completed surveys about their children at ages 8, 12, 24, and 36 months. At 11 years, children were assessed using the Clinical Evaluation of Language Fundamentals 4th Edition (CELF-4). We used random forests to identify which of the 1990 parent-reported questions best predict children's 11-year language outcome (CELF-4 score ≤81 representing low language) and used SuperLearner to estimate the accuracy of the constrained sets of questions.
resultsAt 24 months, seven predictors relating to vocabulary, symbolic play, pragmatics and behavior yielded 73% sensitivity (95% CI: 57, 85) and 77% specificity (95% CI: 74, 80) for predicting low language at 11 years. [Corrections made on 5 May 2023, after first online publication: In the preceding sentence 'motor skills' has been corrected to 'behavior' in this version.] At 36 months, 7 predictors relating to morphosyntax, vocabulary, parent-child interactions, and parental stress yielded 75% sensitivity (95% CI: 58, 88) and 85% specificity (95% CI: 81, 87). Measures at 8 and 12 months yielded unsatisfactory accuracy.
conclusionsWe identified two short sets of questions that predict language outcomes at age 11 with fair accuracy. Future research should seek to replicate results in a separate cohort.
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