ArticleJournal of molecular medicine (Berlin, Germany)2023
Mitochondrial respiration inhibitor enhances the anti-tumor effect of high-dose ascorbic acid in castration-resistant prostate cancer.
Article in Journal of molecular medicine (Berlin, Germany), 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers.
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Who cites it
4 citing papers in PubMed, 9 citations in OpenAlex.
- Identification of mitochondrial carrier homolog 2 as an important therapeutic target of castration-resistant prostate cancer.Cell death & disease · 2025Article
- Vitamin-C-dependent downregulation of the citrate metabolism pathway potentiates pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma growth arrest.Molecular oncology · 2024Article
- Diverse drug delivery systems for the enhancement of cancer immunotherapy: an overview.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Review
- Ascorbic acid relieves neuropathic pain and depressive behavior by reducing inflammation and activating antioxidant responses.Molecular painArticle
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Authors and funding
10 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Previous evidences have demonstrated that anti-tumor effect of high-dose ascorbic acid is associated with the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) via autoxidation. Hypoxia induces therapy resistance in castration-resistant prostate cancer. As a mitochondrial respiration inhibitor, metformin has the potential to improve tumor oxygenation. In this study, we evaluate the anti-tumor effect of ascorbic acid combined with metformin in prostate cancer. We demonstrated that ascorbic acid inhibits prostate cancer cells proliferation by generating ROS, and metformin enhances the anti-tumor effects of ascorbic acid. Mechanistically, metformin reduces oxygen consumption rate and NADP+/NADPH value in prostate cancer cells, thereby increases the ROS content induced by ascorbic acid. In addition, our data demonstrated that ascorbic acid inhibits p-AKT signaling in a ROS-dependent pathway, leading to inhibition of p-mTOR expression. And metformin inhibits the p-mTOR expression by activating the AMPK signaling pathway, exerting a synergistic effect on tumor suppression with ascorbic acid. Furthermore, metformin improves tumor oxygenation, and the combined treatment effect of ascorbic acid and metformin were demonstrated in a xenograft model of prostate cancer. Taken together, our data demonstrate that metformin enhances the anti-tumor proliferation effect of ascorbic acid by increasing ROS content in castration-resistant prostate cancer. This provides a new strategy for the clinical application of high-dose ascorbic acid as an anti-tumor drug. KEY MESSAGES: Ascorbic acid inhibits tumor growth by inducing ROS generation. As a mitochondrial respiration inhibitor, metformin inhibits cellular oxygen consumption rate to improve oxygenation of prostate cancer. Metformin enhances anti-tumor effect of ascorbic acid by increasing ROS content. Ascorbic acid inhibits the mTOR expression via PI3K-AKT pathway, and metformin inhibits the mTOR expression by inhibiting AMPK signaling in prostate cancer cells.
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