ArticleScientific reports2022
Reliability and validity of Foot Posture Index (FPI-6) for evaluating foot posture in participants with low back pain.
Article in Scientific reports, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT07764393 (Analysing The Effects of Different Foot Arch Heights on The Leg Muscle Tone and Balance in Young Adults.), which is not on this map. Cited by 9 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Analysing The Effects of Different Foot Arch Heights on The Leg Muscle Tone and Balance in Young Adults.
Who cites it
9 citing papers in PubMed, 22 citations in OpenAlex.
- Navicular Height by Weight-bearing Ultrasound: A Reliable and Valid Tool for Assessing the Medial Longitudinal Arch in Physically Active Adults.Foot & ankle orthopaedics · 2026Article
- Impact of Unilateral Sciatica Due to Lumbar Disc Hernia on Gait.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Sit-to-Stand Navicular Drop Test-Based Injury Risk Zones Derived from a U-Shaped Relationship in Male University Athletes.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Article
- Foot posture as a biomechanical outcome measure following total knee arthroplasty in individuals with severe knee osteoarthritis.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Biomechanical Adaptations in Foot Characteristics Among Elite Male Weightlifters: A Cross-Sectional Comparative Study.Medical science monitor : international medical journal of experimental and clinical research · 2025Article
- The Influence of Prefabricated Foot Orthosis Use on the Modification of Foot Posture in Adults with Pronated Feet: A Randomised Controlled Trial.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Inter-rater reliability and test-retest reliability of the foot posture index (FPI-6) for assessing static foot posture in elderly female patients with knee osteoarthritis and its association with quadriceps muscle tone and stiffness.Frontiers in bioengineering and biotechnology · 2024Article
- A Short-Term Evaluation of Foot Pronation Tendency in Healthy Recreational Runners.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Translation, Cross-Cultural Adaptation, and Validation of the Foot Posture Index (FPI-6)-Italian Version.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
8 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Previous studies have demonstrated that Foot Posture Index (FPI-6) is a valid and moderately reliable tool to evaluate foot posture. However, data about reliability and validity of FPI-6 in the assessment of foot posture in people with low back pain (LBP) is lacking. To investigate reliability and validity of FPI-6 in the assessment of foot posture in people with LBP. Thirty volunteers with LBP, aged 20-64 years, were recruited for the research and assessed by two raters. The data measured by different raters on the same day were used to calculate the inter-rater reliability. The data measured by the same rater on different dates were used to calculate the test-retest reliability. The reliability of FPI-6 was tested with intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC), and absolute reliability with standard error of measurement (SEM), minimal detectable change (MDC) and Bland-Altman analysis. The validity of FPI-6 was tested with Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) and Spearman's correlation coefficients. The FPI-6 indicated excellent inter-rater and test-retest reliability in the evaluation of foot posture in people with LBP (ICC = 0.97 and 0.95). The agreement for inter-rater and test-retest was excellent based on the SEM (SEM = 0.12) and MDC value (MDC = 0.33). Bland-Altman plots showed that there was no significant systematic bias for the agreement on the ground of low mean difference (< 1). The EFA suggested that the fit indices were considered acceptable according to the Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin (KMO) value (KMO = 0.620) and Bartlett's sphericity test (P < 0.01). There was a statistically significant positive correlation between each item and total score of FPI-6 because the Spearman's correlation coefficient of six items were all > 0.3 (P < 0.01). The inter-rater and test-retest reliability and validity of FPI-6 on people with LBP were proved reliable. It might be considered a reliable and valid adjunctive tool to detect possible changes of foot posture after interventions in patients with LBP.
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