ArticleEthiopian journal of health sciences2022
Extended-Spectrum Beta-Lactamase and Carbapenem-Resistant Gram-Negative Pathogens in Makkah, Saudi Arabia.
Article in Ethiopian journal of health sciences, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 10 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Who cites it
10 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 8 citations in OpenAlex.
- Geographical mapping and temporal trends of Acinetobacter baumannii carbapenem resistance: A comprehensive meta-analysis.PloS one · 2024Pooled it
- Antimicrobial resistance from one health perspective in the Middle East: A systematic review.Open veterinary journal · 2024Pooled it
- Epidemiology, Antimicrobial Resistance, and Seasonal Dynamics of Respiratory Bacterial Pathogens in a Saudi Tertiary Care Hospital (2023-2025).Infection and drug resistance · 2026Article
- From burden to action: Saudi Arabia's strategy on antimicrobial resistance.Open medicine (Warsaw, Poland) · 2026Review
- Molecular Surveillance of ESBL and Carbapenemase Genes in Gram-Negative Bacterial Pathogens Isolated from Various Clinical Samples Collected from Northern Region of United Arab Emirates.Microorganisms · 2025Article
- A National Surveillance of the Antibiotic Susceptibility ofAntibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Article
- An Overview of Antimicrobial Resistance in Saudi Arabia (2013-2023) and the Need for National Surveillance.Microorganisms · 2023Review
- Prevalence and genetic characterization of clinically relevant extended-spectrum β-lactamase-producingFrontiers in antibiotics · 2023Review
- Molecular characterization of Carbapenem-resistant Gram-negative bacilli associated with nosocomial infections in Hail, Saudi Arabia.Annals of Saudi medicineArticle
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1 author at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
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Abstract
Background: This study aimed to determine the prevalence of extended-spectrum-beta-lactamase (ESBL) and carbapenem-resistant gram-negative bacteria (GNB) isolated from patients at the King Faisal Hospital in Makkah, Saudi Arabia. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, a total of 298 patients admitted to the intensive care unit for 48 hours and who had a central venous catheter were selected using a census sampling method. Only patients with ESBL and carbapenem-resistant GNB-isolated organisms (175 patients) were included. The susceptibility test of GNB was carried out according to the standard recommendations. The identified strains were tested in-vitro against several antimicrobial drugs. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS version 24. Results: 36(20.6%) of samples were ESBL-producing GNB, whereas 139(79.4%) were carbapenem-resistant GNB. The pooled proportional estimates of ESBL-producing GNB Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and other GNB were 44.4%, 41.6%, and 14.0%, respectively; the pooled proportional estimates of carbapenem resistance GNB Klebsiella pneumoniae, Acinetobacter baumannii complex/hemolyticus and other GNB were 82.8%, 10.8%, and 6.4%, respectively. All ESBL-producing GNB and carbapenem-resistance GNB were multidrug-resistant pathogens. The highest carbapenem resistance GNB 139(100%) was to ampicillin, and the lowest 122(87.7%) was to Amoxicillin/clavulanic acid (Amox/clav). All ESBL-producing GNB 36 (100%) were resistant to cefotaxime, and 35 (97.2%) were resistant to ampicillin, cefuroxime, cefepime, and ceftazidime. Additionally, the effective antibiotic against ESBL-producing GNB was imipenem. Conclusion: Antibiotic utilization measures appear to contribute to the control of the emergence of multidrug-resistant pathogens such as ESBL and carbapenem-resistant GNB. Strict adherence to well-accepted infection control guidelines along with caution in using broad-spectrum antimicrobial agents represents the best strategy for preventing the emergence and spread of multidrug-resistant pathogens.
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