ArticleTobacco induced diseases2022
Agreement between the Fagerström test for nicotine dependence (FTND) and the heaviness of smoking index (HSI) for assessing the intensity of nicotine dependence among daily smokers.
Article in Tobacco induced diseases, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 13 papers.
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Who cites it
13 citing papers in PubMed, 20 citations in OpenAlex.
- Agreement and classification performance of the heaviness of smoking index (HSI) compared with the Fagerström test for cigarette dependence (FTCD): A subgroup analysis.Addictive behaviors reports · 2026Article
- Interdisciplinary training on noncommunicable diseases and sustained change in primary health care in the context of health reform, COVID-19, and war in Ukraine: A repeated qualitative study, 2016-2022.BMC public health · 2026Article
- Association of metabotropic glutamate receptor 7 gene with nicotine dependence in a Chinese Han population: A cross-sectional candidate-gene association study.Tobacco induced diseases · 2026Article
- Impacts of Disruptive Events on Addictive Behavioral Patterns: A Cross-Sectional Study of Methadone Maintenance Therapy During the COVID-19 Pandemic in Iran.Health science reports · 2025Article
- Article
- Smoking cessation behavior, nicotine addiction, and mental health among current smokers in Klang Valley, Malaysia- a cross-sectional questionnaire survey.BMC public health · 2025Article
- Integrating tobacco control into China's health management: Strategies for healthier China.Chinese medical journal pulmonary and critical care medicine · 2024Article
- Smokers' Characteristics Associated with Successful Smoking Cessation Undergoing Pharmacotherapy in Slovenia.Zdravstveno varstvo · 2024Article
- The Agreement between the Fagerström Test for Nicotine Dependence and the Heaviness of Smoking Index among Iranian Male Smokers.Addiction & health · 2024Article
- The impact of COVID-19 on smoking cessation services with insights for post-pandemic delivery.PloS one · 2024Article
- Article
- The knowledge, attitudes and behaviors of hospital nurses on smoking cessation interventions: a cross-sectional study.BMC nursing · 2023Article
- Effectiveness of a Smoking Cessation Program during the COVID-19 Pandemic.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
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Authors and funding
9 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
introductionMeasuring the level of nicotine addiction among smokers is an integral part of enhancing smoking cessation as nicotine dependence is one of the barriers to smoking cessation. In this study, we compared the level of agreement between FTND and HSI in detecting high nicotine dependence among daily smokers.
methodsWe collected data from participants of a public smoking cessation clinic in Selangor. A trained pharmacist conducted face-to-face interviews with 152 daily smokers using a structured validated questionnaire. Respondents were classified as having high nicotine dependence using both the HSI (score ≥4) and the FTND (score ≥6), and concordance between the two measures, kappa statistics and sensitivity, specificity of the HSI were then determined with the FTND classification as the reference standard.
resultsThe HSI had a substantial agreement with the FTND (Cohen's kappa=0.72) in measuring high levels of nicotine addiction, with good sensitivity (83.3%) and specificity (89.4%).
conclusionsThe findings suggest that the HSI can be used instead of the FTND in clinical-based investigations to screen for high nicotine dependence among daily smokers in the clinical setting.
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