Evidence map›Paper›PMID 36474203›Full record

ArticleBMC health services research2022

Evaluating clinician experience in value-based health care: the development and validation of the Clinician Experience Measure (CEM).

Reema Harrison, Elizabeth Manias, Louise Ellis, Laurel Mimmo, Ramesh Walpola, Ben Roxas-Harris, Timothy Dobbins, Rebecca Mitchell, Sharyn Cowie, Glen Maberly and 2 more

Open access · goldAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in BMC health services research, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 9 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
9citing papers in PubMed
5.3field-weighted citation impact, top 4% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

9 citing papers in PubMed, 20 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Working Conditions of Employee Optometrists in Australia.Ophthalmic & physiological optics : the journal of the British College of Ophthalmic Opticians (Optometrists) · 2026
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  4. Development of a Brief, Positively Framed Care Team Experience Measure.Clinical orthopaedics and related research · 2025
    Article
  5. Article
  6. Article
  7. Review
  8. Article
  9. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

12 authors at 6 institutions in 1 country.

Reema HarrisonCentre for Health Systems and Safety, Australian Institute of Health Innovation, Macquarie University, Lvl 6, 75 Talavera Road, Sydney, NSW, 2109, Australia. reema.harrison@mq.edu.au.
Elizabeth ManiasFaculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Monash University, Clayton Campus, Wellington Road, Clayton, Victoria, 3800, Australia.
Louise EllisCentre for Healthcare Resilience and Implementation Science, Australian Institute of Health Innovation, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, 2109, Australia.
Laurel MimmoSchool of Women's and Children's Health, UNSW, Sydney, 2052, Australia.
Ramesh WalpolaSchool of Population Health, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, 2052, Australia.
Ben Roxas-HarrisSchool of Population Health, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, 2052, Australia.
Timothy DobbinsSchool of Population Health, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, 2052, Australia.
Rebecca MitchellAustralian Institute of Health Innovation, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, 2109, Australia.
Sharyn CowieWestern NSW Local Health District, Broken Hill, NSW, 2880, Australia.
Glen MaberlyBlacktown and Western Sydney Local Health District, North Parramatta, NSW, 2151, Australia.
Catherine ChanStrategic Reform Branch, NSW Ministry of Health, Sydney, NSW, 2065, Australia.
Liz HayStrategic Reform Branch, NSW Ministry of Health, Sydney, NSW, 2065, Australia.
UNSW Sydney · AUMacquarie University · AUNew South Wales Department of Health · AUMonash University · AUSydney Local Health District · AUWestern NSW Local Health District · AU

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundClinicians' experiences of providing care constitute an important outcome for evaluating care from a value-based healthcare perspective. Yet no currently available instruments have been designed and validated for assessing clinicians' experiences. This research sought to address this important gap by developing and validating a novel instrument in a public health system in Australia.

methodsA multi-method project was conducted using co-design with 12 clinician leaders from a range of NSW Health Local Health Districts to develop the Clinician Experience Measure (CEM). Validity and reliability analyses were conducted in two stages, first assessing face and content validity with a pool of 25 clinicians and then using psychometric analysis with data from 433 clinicians, including nurses, doctors and allied health and representing all districts within one jurisdiction in Australia.

resultsData gathered from 25 clinicians via the face and content validity process indicated that the initial 31-items were relevant to the range of staff employed in the NSW state health system, with minor edits made to the survey layout and wording within two items. Psychometric analysis led to a rationalised 18-item final instrument, comprising four domains: psychological safety (4-items); quality of care (5-items); clinician engagement (4-items) and interprofessional collaboration (5-items). The 18-item four-factor model produced a good fit to the data and high levels of reliability, with factor loadings ranging from .62 to .94, with Cronbach's alpha (range: .83 to .96) and composite reliability (range: .85 to .97).

conclusionsThe CEM is an instrument to capture clinicians' experiences of providing care across a health system. The CEM provides a useful tool for healthcare leaders and policy makers to benchmark and assess the impact of value-based care initiatives and direct change efforts.

Indexed as

Value-Based Health CareAustraliaHumansReproducibility of ResultsClinician experience measurementHealth servicesPsychometricsReliabilitySurveyValidityValue-based healthcare

Identifiers

PMID36474203
PMCPMC9724261
OpenAlexW4311575192

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.