ReviewCNS drugs2023
Leveraging Molecular and Immune-Based Therapies in Leptomeningeal Metastases.
Review in CNS drugs, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 17 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
17 citing papers in PubMed, 18 citations in OpenAlex.
- Intrathecal Allogeneic B7-H3-Targeted CAR γδ T Cells for Leptomeningeal Metastasis from Solid Tumors: Safety, Efficacy, and Immunologic Dynamics in a Phase I Trial.Clinical cancer research : an official journal of the American Association for Cancer Research · 2026Article
- Intrathecal nivolumab in metastatic solid tumors with leptomeningeal disease: dose escalation part of the multicenter IT-PD1/NOA-26 phase 1 trial.Nature cancer · 2026Article
- Melanoma leptomeningeal disease: Advances in diagnosis and emerging therapeutic strategies.World journal of experimental medicine · 2026Review
- Review
- Savolitinib in brain and leptomeningeal metastases from non-small cell lung cancer: a case report.Frontiers in oncology · 2026Article
- Clinical outcomes of intrathecal anti-PD-1 therapy with or without whole-brain radiotherapy in melanoma leptomeningeal metastasis: a multicenter retrospective study.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- [Analysis of Risk Factors for Meningeal Metastasis in Patients with Lung Adenocarcinoma Following Non-surgical Interventions].Zhongguo fei ai za zhi = Chinese journal of lung cancer · 2025Article
- Leptomeningeal Disease: Current Approaches and Future Directions.Current neurology and neuroscience reports · 2025Review
- The research progress on meningeal metastasis in solid tumors.Discover oncology · 2025Review
- Brain metastases from lung cancer: recent advances and novel therapeutic opportunities.Discover oncology · 2025Review
- Leptomeningeal metastatic disease: new frontiers and future directions.Nature reviews. Clinical oncology · 2025Review
- Dura immunity configures leptomeningeal metastasis immunosuppression for cerebrospinal fluid barrier invasion.Nature cancer · 2024Article
- Leptomeningeal metastases from solid tumors: A Society for Neuro-Oncology and American Society of Clinical Oncology consensus review on clinical management and future directions.Neuro-oncology · 2024Review
- Radiotherapy and Systemic Treatment for Leptomeningeal Disease.Biomedicines · 2024Review
- Intrathecal topotecan with systemic checkpoint inhibitor therapy for gastroesophageal cancer with leptomeningeal involvement: two case reports and review of the literature.Journal of gastrointestinal oncology · 2024Article
- The Spectrum of Headache in Leptomeningeal Metastases: A Comprehensive Review with Clinical Management Guidelines.Current pain and headache reports · 2023Review
- Emerging therapeutics and evolving assessment criteria for intracranial metastases in patients with oncogene-driven non-small-cell lung cancer.Nature reviews. Clinical oncology · 2023Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Leptomeningeal metastases represent an aggressive stage of cancer with few durable treatment options. Improved understanding of cancer biology, neoplastic reliance on oncogenic driver mutations, and complex immune system interactions have resulted in an explosion in cancer-directed therapy in the last two decades to include small molecule inhibitors and immune checkpoint inhibitors. Most of these therapeutics are underexplored in patients with leptomeningeal metastases, limiting extrapolation of extracranial and even intracranial efficacy outcomes to the unique leptomeningeal space. Further confounding our interpretation of drug activity in the leptomeninges is an incomplete understanding of drug penetration through the blood-cerebrospinal fluid barrier of the choroid plexus. Nevertheless, a number of retrospective studies and promising prospective trials provide evidence of leptomeningeal activity of several small molecule and immune checkpoint inhibitors and underscore potential areas of further therapeutic development for patients harboring leptomeningeal disease.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.