ArticleBreast cancer research and treatment2023
Geometric tumor embolic budding characterizes inflammatory breast cancer.
Article in Breast cancer research and treatment, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 9 papers.
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Who cites it
9 citing papers in PubMed, 13 citations in OpenAlex.
- Risk factors and clinical strategies for lower extremity deep vein thrombosis following breast cancer surgery.American journal of translational research · 2026Article
- Natural and induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition results in epigenetic silencing of HER2 overexpression.Journal of mammary gland biology and neoplasia · 2025Article
- Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of Herceptin-Conjugated Liposomes Loaded with Lipocalin-2 siRNA for the Treatment of Inflammatory Breast Cancer.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Bone Marrow Origin of Mammary Phagocytic Intraductal Macrophages (Foam Cells).International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
- Lymphovascular Tumoral Emboli in Inflammatory Breast Cancer Result from Haptotaxis-Mediated Encircling Lymphangiogenesis.Lymphatics · 2024Article
- Initiation of tumor dormancy by the lymphovascular embolus.Oncotarget · 2024Article
- Prognostic significance and value of further classification of lymphovascular invasion in invasive breast cancer: a retrospective observational study.Breast cancer research and treatment · 2024Observational
- Updates on Lymphovascular Invasion in Breast Cancer.Biomedicines · 2023Review
- Calpain-mediated Mechanoptosis in Breast Adenocarcinoma.Cancer diagnosis & prognosisReview
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Authors and funding
8 authors at 1 institution in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
purposeInflammatory breast cancer (IBC) is characterized by numerous tumor emboli especially within dermal lymphatics. The explanation remains a mystery.
methodsThis study combines experimental studies with two different IBC xenografts with image algorithmic studies utilizing human tissue microarrays (TMAs) of IBC vs non-IBC cases to support a novel hypothesis to explain IBC's sina qua non signature of florid lymphovascular emboli.
resultsIn the human TMAs, compared to tumor features like nuclear grade (size), mitosis and Ki-67 immunoreactivity which show that IBC is only modestly more proliferative with larger nuclei than non-IBC, what really sets IBC apart is the markedly greater number of tumor emboli and distinctly smaller emboli whose numbers indicate geometric or exponential differences between IBC and non-IBC. In the experimental xenograft studies, Mary-X gives rise to tight spheroids in vitro which exhibit dynamic budding into smaller daughter spheroids whereas Karen-X exhibits only loose non-budding aggregates. Furthermore Mary-X emboli also bud dramatically into smaller daughter emboli in vivo. The mechanism that regulates this involves the generation of E-cad/NTF1, a calpain-mediated cleavage 100 kDa product of 120 kDa full length membrane E-cadherin. Inhibiting this calpain-mediated cleavage of E-cadherin by blocking either the calpain site of cleavage (SC) or the site of binding (SB) with specific decapeptides that both penetrate the cell membrane and mimic either the cleavage site or the binding site on E-cadherin, inhibits the generation of E-cad/NTF1 in a dose-dependent manner, reduces spheroid compactness and decreases budding.
conclusionSince E-cad/NFT1 retains the p120ctn binding site but loses the α-and β-catenin sites, promoting its 360° distribution around the cell's membrane, the vacilating levels of this molecule trigger budding of both the spheroids as well as the emboli. Recurrent and geometric budding of parental emboli into daughter emboli then would account for the plethora of emboli seen in IBC.
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