ArticleInternational journal for equity in health2022
Health gender gap in Uganda: do weather effects and water play a role?
Article in International journal for equity in health, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 7 papers.
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7 citing papers in PubMed.
- Gender Justice in the Triple Planetary Crisis: A Scoping Review.Journal of advanced nursing · 2026Article
- Exploring Water Storage Practices and Determinants for Sustainable Water Supply in Tropical Environments: Advancing SDG 6 Implementation.Environmental health insights · 2026Article
- Extreme weather events and refugee youths' experiences of physical health in a Ugandan humanitarian setting: qualitative insights.International journal of qualitative studies on health and well-being · 2025Article
- Climate risks, multi-tier medical insurance systems, and health inequality: evidence from China's middle-aged and elderly populations.BMC health services research · 2025Article
- Climate change, disability, and water, sanitation and hygiene: A scoping review of evidence and interventions in low and middle-income countries.PLOS global public health · 2025Article
- Assessing Sub-Saharan Africa's readiness to address the impact of climate change and health: A scoping review.PloS one · 2025Article
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Abstract
backgroundVulnerabilities of men and women to adverse health effects due to weather variability and climate change are not equal. Uganda was among the countries in the world most affected by extreme weather events during the last decade. However, there is still limited gendered empirical evidence on the links between weather variability and health and the possible pathways through which these health effects occur. Therefore, this study analyses the effect of weather variability on illness, and the extent to which water collection 'time burden' mediates the relationship between weather anomalies and illness among men and women of working age in Uganda. The study also quantifies the health inequalities to be eliminated if resources are equalized.
methodsSocioeconomic, health and time use data were obtained from the World Bank Living Standards Measurement Studies - Integrated Surveys on Agriculture (LSMS -ISA), combined with high resolution remotely-sensed weather data. Two-parts and non-linear decomposition regression analysis were used on the national representative pooled dataset from the four household survey waves collected between 2009 to 2014, comprising a total of 22,469 men and women aged between 15 and 64 years.
resultsEmpirical results show that low rainfall below the long-term mean increased the likelihood of illness by at least 8 and 6 percentage points for women and men, respectively. The indirect effect of low rainfall on illness through water access pathway was estimated at 0.16 percentage points in women. Decomposition results reveal that health inequalities among women and men would have been narrowed by 27-61%, if endowments were equalized.
conclusionsStrategies that promote women empowerment (such as education, labor force participation, access to financial services and clean water), health adaptation and time poverty reduction strategies (such as rain water harvesting and improved access to quality health care) would reduce gender-based health inequalities in Uganda despite changing climatic conditions.
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