ArticleBMC public health2022
Explicating gender disparity in wearing face masks during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Article in BMC public health, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 8 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
8 citing papers in PubMed, 15 citations in OpenAlex.
- Expectations regarding the effectiveness of mask-wearing and pandemic fatigue: The experience in Japan.PloS one · 2025Article
- Pandemic risk-related behaviour change in England from June 2020 to March 2022: the cross-sectional REACT-1 study among over 2 million people.BMJ public health · 2025Article
- Mask-wearing behavior patterns among dental patients in post-pandemic China: a cross-sectional study.Frontiers in public health · 2025Article
- People with long-term conditions are more adherent to protective behaviours against infectious disease.Public health in practice (Oxford, England) · 2024Article
- Examination of factors that impact mask or respirator purchase and usage during the COVID-19 pandemic.PloS one · 2024Article
- Attitudes toward the use of facemasks during the COVID-19 pandemic in the Indian community.Industrial psychiatry journal · 2023Article
- Correlations of demographic factors and hygiene factors with face mask wearing during the COVID-19 pandemic and suggestion for future research: A cross-sectional study of adults in Malaysia.Journal of public health research · 2023Article
- Sex and Gender Differences in Tuberculosis Pathogenesis and Treatment Outcomes.Current topics in microbiology and immunology · 2023Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
1 author at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundThe available evidence suggests that women were more likely to wear face masks as a precaution during the COVID-19 pandemic. However, few studies have explicated this gender disparity in wearing face masks. This study investigates associations of demographic factors with wearing face masks in Malaysia during the COVID-19 pandemic, then explicates gender disparity in wearing face masks from the lens of the Protection Motivation Theory.
methodsThe first part of this study employed a structured online survey of 708 Malaysian adult participants. Data collected were quantitatively analyzed by means of descriptive statistics, bivariate correlations, analysis of variance (ANOVA), and multiple linear regression. The second part of this study was conducted among 28 women to better understand gender disparity in protection motivations from the perspectives of women.
resultsGender has the strongest positive association with wearing face masks (p-value < .001), followed by age (p-value = .028). The Protection Motivation Theory adequately explicated the gender disparity in wearing face masks. Additionally, women were motivated to wear face masks beyond protection from the SARS-CoV-2.
conclusionUnderstanding the underlying motivations for wearing face masks informs design of gender-based public health messages to increase compliance with public health regulations and reduce morbidity and mortality for present and future public health crises.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.