Evidence map›Paper›PMID 36471221›Full record

Trial reportInternational ophthalmology2023

Population perceived eye strain due to digital devices usage during COVID-19 pandemic.

Ashwaq M Almalki, Mohammed Alblowi, Ayat M Aldosari, Rajiv Khandekar, Samar A Al-Swailem

Open access · bronzeAbstract readClinical Trial
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Trial report in International ophthalmology, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 12 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
12citing papers in PubMed, 2 pooled it
4.2field-weighted citation impact, top 6% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

12 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 21 citations in OpenAlex.

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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.

Ashwaq M AlmalkiResearch Department, King Khaled Eye Specialist Hospital, 2775 AlUrubah Road, Umm AlHammam AlGharbi, Unit 2, P.O. Box 7191, 11462, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
Mohammed AlblowiOptometry Division, Medical Staff Department, King Khalid Eye Specialist Hospital, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
Ayat M AldosariResearch Department, King Khaled Eye Specialist Hospital, 2775 AlUrubah Road, Umm AlHammam AlGharbi, Unit 2, P.O. Box 7191, 11462, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
Rajiv KhandekarResearch Department, King Khaled Eye Specialist Hospital, 2775 AlUrubah Road, Umm AlHammam AlGharbi, Unit 2, P.O. Box 7191, 11462, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3925-1005
Samar A Al-SwailemResearch Department, King Khaled Eye Specialist Hospital, 2775 AlUrubah Road, Umm AlHammam AlGharbi, Unit 2, P.O. Box 7191, 11462, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. sswailem@kkesh.med.sa.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-1070-7232
King Abdulaziz Medical City · SAKing Khaled Eye Specialist Hospital · SAUniversity of British Columbia · CA

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

purposeTo assess the magnitude severity and determinants of eyestrain and the use of digital devices in a Saudi population during the COVID-19 pandemic lockdown.

methodsThis web-based survey was conducted in September 2020 and enrolled only Saudi nationals 15 years or older. Data were collected on demographics, eye strain related symptoms, severity, and the use of optical aids during the COVID-19 lockdown. The frequency and severity of eye strain were calculated. A Computer Vision Syndrome (CVS) score was graded as none/mild moderate and severe, based on the sum of 15-eye strain related signs and symptoms. Correlation analysis was performed for determinants of CVS.

resultsThe study sample was comprised of 2009 individuals with median age of 20 years. Among those who used digital devices for more than 6 h daily, the main reasons for use were work and social purposes among 68.4%, and 61% of respondents, respectively. The prevalence of knowledge on CVS and the '20-20 rule for using digital devices' was 9.4% and 6.9, respectively. The most common symptoms of eye strain from digital device usage were headache, burning, itching, tearing, and redness of eyes. Six hours of daily usage of digital devices was positively associated to the grade of eye strain severity during the COVID-19 lockdown (P < 0.05)).

conclusionThe Saudi population experienced eye strain during COVID-19 lockdown due to excessive digital devices usage. Longer duration of digital device usage was associated to eye strain. Health care providers should educate the general population on measures to mitigate eye strain due to digital devices. Trial registration ID None applicable.

Indexed as

AsthenopiaCOVID-19AdultCommunicable Disease ControlHumansPandemicsSyndromeYoung AdultComputer vision syndromeCOVID-19Digital devicesDigital eye strainEye strainVisual problems

Identifiers

PMID36471221
PMCPMC9734945
OpenAlexW4311289103

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.