ArticleNature ecology & evolution2023
Rare and declining bird species benefit most from designating protected areas for conservation in the UK.
Article in Nature ecology & evolution, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 7 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
7 citing papers in PubMed.
- Widespread declines of formerly common species reshape local assemblages over time.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Limited capacity of habitat features to buffer grassland bird declines.Ecological applications : a publication of the Ecological Society of America · 2026Article
- Unobserved confounders cannot explain over-crediting in avoided deforestation carbon projects.Nature ecology & evolution · 2026Article
- Selective logging weakly influences species co-occurrence in a community of tropical understorey birds.The Journal of animal ecology · 2025Article
- Expanding protected area coverage for migratory birds could improve long-term population trends.Nature communications · 2025Article
- Population dynamics and the role of protected areas in China's milu deer (Elaphurus davidianus) rewilding.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Inferring the extinction risk of marine fish to inform global conservation priorities.PLoS biology · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
8 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
There have been recent renewed commitments to increase the extent of protected areas to combat the growing biodiversity crisis but the underpinning evidence for their effectiveness is mixed and causal connections are rarely evaluated. We used data gathered by three large-scale citizen science programmes in the UK to provide the most comprehensive assessment to date of whether national (Sites of Special Scientific Interest) and European (Special Protection Areas/Special Areas of Conservation) designated areas are associated with improved state (occurrence, abundance), change (rates of colonization, persistence and trend in abundance), community structure and, uniquely, demography (productivity) on a national avifauna, while controlling for differences in land cover, elevation and climate. We found positive associations with state that suggest these areas are well targeted and that the greatest benefit accrued to the most conservation-dependent species since positive associations with change were largely restricted to rare and declining species and habitat specialists. We suggest that increased productivity provides a plausible demographic mechanism for positive effects of designation.
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Registered trials
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