Evidence map›Paper›PMID 36470691›Full record

Trial reportThe Journal of adolescent health : official publication of the Society for Adolescent Medicine2023

Willingness to Use Commercial Nicotine Gums, Lozenges, and Gummies Among Nontobacco Using Adolescents in Southern California.

Alayna P Tackett, Melissa Wong, Junhan Cho, Alyssa F Harlow, Erin A Vogel, Dae-Hee Han, Jessica L Barrington-Trimis, Rob McConnell, Alan J Budney, Janet E Audrain-McGovern and 3 more

Open access · greenAbstract readRandomized Controlled Trial
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Trial report in The Journal of adolescent health : official publication of the Society for Adolescent Medicine, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 7 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
7citing papers in PubMed
1.4field-weighted citation impact, top 18% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

7 citing papers in PubMed, 12 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Appeal and Sensory Characteristics of Oral Nicotine Products in Young Adults Who Vape E-Cigarettes.Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco · 2026
    Trial
  2. Emerging use of oral nicotine pouches among Canadian adolescents: Findings from the COMPASS-Quebec study.Canadian journal of public health = Revue canadienne de sante publique · 2026
    Article
  3. Impact of Hispanic Ethnicity on Adolescent Tobacco Use Estimates in the United States.Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco · 2025
    Article
  4. Review
  5. The Potential Impact of Oral Nicotine Pouches on Public Health: A Scoping Review.Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco · 2025
    Article
  6. Article
  7. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

13 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.

Alayna P TackettUSC Institute for Addiction Science, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California; Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, University of Southern California, Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California; USC Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Southern California, Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California. Electronic address: Alayna.Tackett@usc.edu.
Melissa WongUSC Institute for Addiction Science, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California; Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, University of Southern California, Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California.
Junhan ChoUSC Institute for Addiction Science, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California; Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, University of Southern California, Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California; USC Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Southern California, Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California.
Alyssa F HarlowUSC Institute for Addiction Science, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California; Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, University of Southern California, Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California.
Erin A VogelUSC Institute for Addiction Science, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California; Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, University of Southern California, Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California.
Dae-Hee HanUSC Institute for Addiction Science, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California; Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, University of Southern California, Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California.
Jessica L Barrington-TrimisUSC Institute for Addiction Science, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California; Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, University of Southern California, Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California; USC Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Southern California, Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California.
Rob McConnellUSC Institute for Addiction Science, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California; Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, University of Southern California, Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California; USC Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Southern California, Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California.
Alan J BudneyDepartment of Psychiatry, Department of Biomedical Data Science, Dartmouth Gisel School of Medicine, Hanover, New Hampshire.
Janet E Audrain-McGovernDepartment of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
Caryn LermanUSC Institute for Addiction Science, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California; USC Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Southern California, Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California.
John MonterossoUSC Institute for Addiction Science, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California; Department of Psychology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California.
Adam M LeventhalUSC Institute for Addiction Science, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California; Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, University of Southern California, Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California; USC Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Southern California, Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California.
University of Southern California · USDartmouth College · USUniversity of Pennsylvania · US

Funding

Translational Research Support CoreP30ES007048 · NIEHS · UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA · PI ROB S MCCONNELL · 1996 to 2026
$46.4M
USC Tobacco Center of Regulatory ScienceU54CA180905 · NCI · UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA · PI Adam Matthew Leventhal · 2018 to 2026
$39.0M
Vaping Nicotine and Cannabis Across Adolescence and Young AdulthoodR01CA229617 · NCI · UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA · PI BARRINGTON-TRIMIS, JESSICA LOUISE, LEVENTHAL, ADAM MATTHEW · 2019 to 2024
$4.3M
Tobacco Use Treatment Research for Vulnerable PopulationsK24DA048160 · NIDA · UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA · PI Adam Matthew Leventhal · 2019 to 2026
$1.4M
Respiratory effects of E-Cigarette use among Youth: A prospective, longitudinal investigationK01HL148907 · NHLBI · UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA · PI TACKETT, ALAYNA PAULINE · 2019 to 2023
$981k
NCI NIH HHS R01 CA229617NCI NIH HHS U54 CA180905NHLBI NIH HHS K01 HL148907NIDA NIH HHS K24 DA048160NIEHS NIH HHS P30 ES007048
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

purposeNew oral nicotine products (ONPs), often advertised as "tobacco-free" (i.e., pouches, gum, lozenges, gummies), come in nontobacco flavors appealing to adolescents. It is unknown how adolescent willingness to use ONPs differs by product type and flavor, and whether sociodemographic disparities exist.

methodsAdolescent never tobacco product users (n = 1, 289) in ninth or 10th grade from 11 high schools in Southern California were surveyed in fall 2021 about ever and past 6-month use of ONPs and sociodemographic characteristics. Adolescents were randomized to view five different ONPs in either fruit or mint flavor, and asked to rate their willingness to use each product. Multivariable logistic random effect-repeated measures regression examined associations of product type, flavor, and sociodemographic characteristics with any willingness to use ONPs.

resultsCompared to traditional smokeless tobacco (willingness = 17.8%), adolescents reported greater willingness to use ONPs (gum, 28.2%; pouches, 21.1%; lozenge, 22.4%; gummies, 24.1%); adjusted odd ratios [aORs] 1.25-1.84; p-values<.001). Mint flavor (23.3%) compared to fruit flavor (21.4%), significantly increased odds of willingness to use across all ONPs (aOR [95%CI] = 1.15 [1.05, 1.26], p = .004). Younger adolescents (ninth, 24.2% vs. 10th grade, 21.4%) and LGBTQ+ (34.2%) versus heterosexual (19.7%) and cisgender (18.8%) adolescents were more willing to use these products. DISCUSSION: Adolescents reported greater willingness to use new ONPs compared to traditional smokeless tobacco. Adolescents who were younger (vs. older adolescents) or identified as LGBTQ+ (vs. heterosexual and cisgender) were more willing to use new ONPs. Efforts to monitor adolescents' willingness to use and actual use of these products are warranted.

Indexed as

Electronic Nicotine Delivery SystemsTobacco ProductsTobacco, SmokelessAdolescentCaliforniaFlavoring AgentsHumansLogistic ModelsNicotineSurveys and QuestionnairesFlavoring AgentsNicotineAdolescentsOral nicotine products

Identifiers

PMID36470691
PMCPMC9994582
OpenAlexW4310779767

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceTDM
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.