Trial reportChest2023
Treatment Outcomes for Rheumatoid Arthritis-Associated Interstitial Lung Disease: A Real-World, Multisite Study of the Impact of Immunosuppression on Pulmonary Function Trajectory.
Trial report in Chest, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 57 papers, 6 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
57 citing papers in PubMed, 6 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 79 citations in OpenAlex.
- Global landscape for pulmonary fibrosis treatment: a data-driven perspective from clinical trials.BMC pulmonary medicine · 2026Pooled it
- Pooled it
- ERS/EULAR clinical practice guidelines for connective tissue disease-associated interstitial lung disease.The European respiratory journal · 2026Guideline
- Risk factors for mortality in anti-MDA5 antibody-positive dermatomyositis with interstitial lung disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Pooled it
- 2023 American College of Rheumatology (ACR)/American College of Chest Physicians (CHEST) Guideline for the Treatment of Interstitial Lung Disease in People with Systemic Autoimmune Rheumatic Diseases.Arthritis care & research · 2024Guideline
- 2023 American College of Rheumatology (ACR)/American College of Chest Physicians (CHEST) Guideline for the Treatment of Interstitial Lung Disease in People with Systemic Autoimmune Rheumatic Diseases.Arthritis & rheumatology (Hoboken, N.J.) · 2024Guideline
- Mycophenolate and azathioprine in fibrotic interstitial lung disease.American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine · 2026Observational
- The evolving comorbidity landscape of rheumatoid arthritis.Nature reviews. Rheumatology · 2026Review
- Article
- Radiological diversity in rheumatoid arthritis associated with usual interstitial pneumonia (RA-UIP) and its therapeutic implications: towards a generalizable framework of interstitial lung disease treatment.Respiratory research · 2026Review
- Review
- Heterogeneity of Rheumatoid Arthritis-Associated Interstitial Lung Disease by Longitudinal Forced Vital Capacity Trajectory and Associations With Disease Outcomes.Arthritis care & research · 2026Article
- Mendelian Randomization Analysis of the Causal Link Between Rheumatoid Arthritis and Interstitial Lung Disease.Respirology (Carlton, Vic.) · 2026Article
- HE4: a potential diagnostic biomarker in autoimmune diseases.Central-European journal of immunology · 2026Review
- The rise and fall of glucocorticoids and immunosuppressants in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis: a historical paradigm shift driven by mechanistic understanding.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Rituximab in Connective Tissue Disease-Associated Interstitial Lung Disease: From Immunopathogenesis to Therapeutic Implications.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- A House of Cards: Radiographic Foundations of Personalized Therapy in Autoimmune Interstitial Lung Disease.Annals of the American Thoracic Society · 2025Article
- Interstitial Lung Disease Secondary to Sjogren's Syndrome and Antisynthetase Syndrome: Converging Disease Trajectories.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2025Article
- Article
- Rheumatoid Lung Disease.Mediterranean journal of rheumatology · 2025Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
17 authors at 5 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundRheumatoid arthritis (RA)-associated interstitial lung disease (ILD) is common in patients with RA and leads to significant morbidity and mortality. No randomized, placebo-controlled data are available that support the role of immunosuppression to treat RA-associated ILD, despite being widely used in clinical practice. RESEARCH QUESTION: How does immunosuppression impact pulmonary function trajectory in a multisite retrospective cohort of patients with RA-associated ILD? STUDY DESIGN AND
methodsPatients with RA who started treatment for ILD with mycophenolate, azathioprine, or rituximab were identified retrospectively from five ILD centers. Change in lung function before and after treatment was analyzed using a linear spline mixed-effect model with random intercept. Prespecified secondary analyses examined the impact of radiologic pattern of ILD (ie, usual interstitial pneumonia [UIP] vs non-UIP) on treatment trajectory.
resultsTwo hundred twelve patients were included in the analysis: 92 patients (43.4%) were treated with azathioprine, 77 patients (36.3%) were treated with mycophenolate mofetil, and 43 patients (20.3%) were treated with rituximab. In the combined analysis of all three agents, an improvement in FVC % predicted was found after 12 months of treatment compared with the potential 12-month response without treatment (+3.90%; P ≤ .001; 95% CI, 1.95-5.84). Diffusing capacity of the lungs for carbon monoxide (Dlco) % predicted also improved at 12 months (+4.53%; P ≤ .001; 95% CI, 2.12-6.94). Neither the UIP pattern of ILD nor choice of immunosuppressive agent significantly impacted the pulmonary function trajectory on immunosuppression.
interpretationImmunosuppression was associated with an improved trajectory in FVC and Dlco compared with the pretreatment pulmonary function trajectory. Prospective, randomized trials are required to validate these findings.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.