ArticleCancer research2023
Pharmacological Targeting of Androgen Receptor Elicits Context-Specific Effects in Estrogen Receptor-Positive Breast Cancer.
Article in Cancer research, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 21 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
21 citing papers in PubMed, 30 citations in OpenAlex.
- Evaluation of the androgen receptor in patients with ERα-positive early breast cancer treated with adjuvant tamoxifen ± fluoxymesterone.Breast cancer research : BCR · 2025Trial
- Nucleic sexual hormone receptor signaling pathways in breast cancer: function regulation, crosstalk, and therapeutic implications.NPJ precision oncology · 2026Review
- Exploiting androgen receptor agonism as a treatment strategy in estrogen receptor-positive metastatic breast cancer.NPJ breast cancer · 2026Article
- Enzalutamide effectively inhibits the growth of meningiomas via p21-dependent senescence induction.Molecular biology reports · 2026Article
- Impact of androgen receptor on triple negative breast cancer: a systematic review and meta-analytic study.BMJ public health · 2026Article
- Androgen Receptors Promote Oxidative Phosphorylation and Resistance to Palmitate Lipotoxicity in ER-Mutant Breast Cancer.Endocrinology · 2025Article
- STAMBP Accelerates Progression and Tamoxifen Resistance of Breast Cancer Through Deubiquitinating ERα.Biomolecules · 2025Article
- Evodiamine Boosts AR Expression to Trigger Senescence and Halt Proliferation in OSCC Cells.Current issues in molecular biology · 2025Article
- Molecular Mechanisms and Therapeutic Strategies to Overcome Resistance to Endocrine Therapy and CDK4/6 Inhibitors in Advanced ER+/HER2- Breast Cancer.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Androgen Receptors in Human Breast Cancer and Female Canine Mammary Tumors.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Androgen receptor expression and clinical significance in breast cancer.World journal of surgical oncology · 2025Article
- Dysregulated LINC01133 expression in laryngeal carcinoma: Prognostic implications and predicted ceRNA interactome.Molecular biology research communications · 2025Article
- Elucidating Sex-Specific Immune Profiles in a Breast Cancer Model.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Article
- Regulatory mechanisms of steroid hormone receptors on gene transcription through chromatin interaction and enhancer reprogramming.Cellular oncology (Dordrecht, Netherlands) · 2024Review
- Androgen receptor-mediated pharmacogenomic expression quantitative trait loci: implications for breast cancer response to AR-targeting therapy.Breast cancer research : BCR · 2024Article
- Novel Treatment Strategies for Hormone Receptor (HR)-Positive, HER2-Negative Metastatic Breast Cancer.Journal of clinical medicine · 2024Review
- Estrogen Receptor Alpha Mutations, Truncations, Heterodimers, and Therapies.Endocrinology · 2024Review
- Androgen Receptor Influenced Recurrence Score Correlation in Hormone Positive and HER2 Negative Breast Cancer Indian Patients: A Comparative Approach.Genome integrity · 2024Article
- Prognostic factors for hormone receptor-positive breast cancer with liver metastasis and establishment of novel nomograms for prediction: a SEER-based study.Translational cancer research · 2023Article
- Emerging systemic therapy options beyond CDK4/6 inhibitors for hormone receptor-positive HER2-negative advanced breast cancer.NPJ breast cancer · 2023Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
14 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Androgen receptor (AR) is expressed in 80% to 90% of estrogen receptor α-positive (ER+) breast cancers. Accumulated evidence has shown that AR is a tumor suppressor and that its expression is associated with improved prognosis in ER+ breast cancer. However, both a selective AR agonist (RAD140) and an AR inhibitor (enzalutamide, ENZ) have shown a therapeutic effect on ER+ breast cancer, so the potential for clinical application of AR-targeting therapy for ER+ breast cancer is still in dispute. In this study, we evaluated the efficacy of ENZ and RAD140 in vivo and in vitro in AR+/ER+ breast cancer models, characterizing the relationship of AR and ER levels to response to AR-targeting drugs and investigating the alterations of global gene expression and chromatin binding of AR and ERα after ENZ treatment. In the AR-low setting, ENZ directly functioned as an ERα antagonist. Cell growth inhibition by ENZ in breast cancer with low AR expression was independent of AR and instead dependent on ER. In AR-high breast cancer models, AR repressed ERα signaling and ENZ promoted ERα signaling by antagonizing AR. In contrast, RAD140 activated AR signaling and suppressed AR-high tumor growth by deregulating ERα expression and blocking ERα function. Overall, analysis of the dynamic efficacies and outcomes of AR agonist, and antagonist in the presence of different AR and ERα levels reveals regulators of response and supports the clinical investigation of ENZ in selected ER+ tumors with a low AR/ER ratio and AR agonists in tumors with a high AR/ER ratio. SIGNIFICANCE: The ratio of androgen receptor to estrogen receptor in breast cancer dictates the response to AR-targeted therapies, providing guidelines for developing AR-directed treatment strategies for patients with breast cancer.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.