ArticleThe Journal of experimental medicine2023
Arachnoid granulations are lymphatic conduits that communicate with bone marrow and dura-arachnoid stroma.
Article in The Journal of experimental medicine, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 72 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
72 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 90 citations in OpenAlex.
- Giant Arachnoid Granulations: A Systematic Literature Review.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Pooled it
- The glymphatic-lymphatic axis: known pathways, open questions, and emerging roles in neurodegeneration.Translational neurodegeneration · 2026Review
- Arachnoid granulation morphologies and β-amyloid and tau pathology in older adults.Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association · 2026Article
- The Clearance-Centered Bottleneck in Alzheimer's Disease: From Coupled Glymphatic-Lymphatic Circuits to Therapeutic Opportunities.Molecular neurobiology · 2026Review
- Functional and Structural Evidence of Neurofluid Circuit Aberrations in Huntington Disease.Annals of clinical and translational neurology · 2026Article
- Artificial intelligence-based segmentation of perisinusoidal tissue along the superior sagittal sinus in human brain magnetic resonance imaging.Neuroradiology · 2026Article
- Disrupted drainage in the aging brain: Meningeal lymphatic decline as a convergent axis of vulnerability.Neurobiology of aging · 2026Review
- The meningeal lymphatic vessel-peripheral immune axis: a novel therapeutic target in neurodegenerative diseases.Journal of neuroinflammation · 2026Review
- Spatiotemporal single-cell atlas of suture stem cell dynamics in craniosynostosis.Stem cell research & therapy · 2026Article
- Article
- The meninges as a neuroimmune interface: structure, barriers and roles in CNS disease.Fluids and barriers of the CNS · 2026Review
- The spinal lymphatic system: an emerging pathway bridging fluid homeostasis, immunity, and disease.Bone research · 2026Review
- Sympathetic innervation of human cervical lymph nodes: A potential neuroimmunomodulatory target for the treatment of T-cell-driven autoimmune diseases like MS?Journal of anatomy · 2026Article
- Mapping the Brain's Glymphatic System.Biomedicines · 2026Review
- The Aging Meninges: Anatomical and Immunological Remodeling as Emerging Diagnostic Biomarkers of Cerebral Senescence-A Narrative Review.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Clonal CD8Nature immunology · 2026Article
- When blood hits the brain: altered glymphatic and dural lymphatic function after surface bleeds.Acta neurochirurgica · 2026Article
- New integrated three-interface conceptual model for clearance and immune surveillance in the human CNS.Frontiers in cell and developmental biology · 2026Review
- Glymphatic-meningeal lymphatic system imbalance: a peripheral-to-central inflammatory bridge in perioperative neurocognitive disorders.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Brain-specific immune hub activation in paediatric focal lesional epilepsy: a case-control study.Brain communications · 2026Article
12 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
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Authors and funding
8 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Arachnoid granulations (AG) are poorly investigated. Historical reports suggest that they regulate brain volume by passively transporting cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) into dural venous sinuses. Here, we studied the microstructure of cerebral AG in humans with the aim of understanding their roles in physiology. We discovered marked variations in AG size, lobation, location, content, and degree of surface encapsulation. High-resolution microscopy shows that AG consist of outer capsule and inner stromal core regions. The fine and porous framework suggests uncharacterized functions of AG in mechanical CSF filtration. Moreover, internal cytokine and immune cell enrichment imply unexplored neuroimmune properties of these structures that localize to the brain-meningeal lymphatic interface. Dramatic age-associated changes in AG structure are additionally identified. This study depicts for the first time microscopic networks of internal channels that communicate with perisinus spaces, suggesting that AG subserve important functions as transarachnoidal flow passageways. These data raise new theories regarding glymphatic-lymphatic coupling and mechanisms of CSF antigen clearance, homeostasis, and diseases.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.