ArticleJournal of periodontal & implant science2022
Gingival crevicular fluid CSF-1 and IL-34 levels in patients with stage III grade C periodontitis and uncontrolled type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Article in Journal of periodontal & implant science, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to 2 registered trials, which are not on this map. Cited by 7 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Usak University Faculty of Dentistry
Effect of Non-surgical Periodontal Therapy on Interleukin-34 Level in Gingival Crevicular Fluid in Patients With Periodontal Disease (Controlled Clinical Trial)
Who cites it
7 citing papers in PubMed, 10 citations in OpenAlex.
- From biological evidence to clinical application: a scoping review of oral fluid biomarkers in type 2 diabetic periodontitis.Frontiers in oral health · 2026Review
- Recasting of Periodontal Diagnosis.Journal of pharmacy & bioallied sciences · 2025Review
- Identification of circulating inflammation cytokines as a mediator of gut microbiota and type 2 diabetes mellitus: a Mendelian randomization study.Diabetology & metabolic syndrome · 2025Article
- Effects of IL-34 and anti-IL-34 neutralizing mAb on alveolar bone loss in a ligature-induced model of periodontitis.Molecular oral microbiology · 2024Article
- Identification of Immune Gene Signature Associated with T Cells and Natural Killer Cells in Type 1 Diabetes.Diabetes, metabolic syndrome and obesity : targets and therapy · 2024Article
- Diagnostic performance of a point-of-care test device for periodontitis using human saliva: a single-center, single-blinded, confirmatory study.Clinical oral investigations · 2023Article
- Exploration of the relationship between periodontal disease and skin disease in honor of Gum Day.Journal of periodontal & implant science · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
purposePeriodontal diseases are inflammatory conditions that alter the host's response to microbial pathogens. Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a complex disease that affects the incidence and severity of periodontal diseases. This study investigated the gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) levels of colony-stimulating factor-1 (CSF-1) and interleukin-34 (IL-34) in patients with stage III grade C periodontitis (SIII-GC-P) and stage III grade C periodontitis with uncontrolled type 2 diabetes (SIII-GC-PD).
methodsIn total, 72 individuals, including 24 periodontally healthy (PH), 24 SIII-GC-P, and 24 SIII-GC-PD patients, were recruited for this study. Periodontitis patients (stage III) had interdental attachment loss (AL) of 5 mm or more, probing depth (PD) of 6 mm or more, radiographic bone loss advancing to the middle or apical part of the root, and tooth loss (<5) due to periodontal disease. Radiographic bone loss in the teeth was also evaluated; grade C periodontitis was defined as a ratio of the percentage of root bone loss to age greater than 1.0. The plaque index (PI), gingival index (GI), presence of bleeding on probing (BOP), PD, and clinical AL were used for clinical periodontal assessments. GCF samples were obtained and analyzed using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.
resultsAll clinical parameters-PD, AL, GI, BOP, and PI-were significantly higher in the SIII-GC-PD group than in the PH and SIII-GC-P groups for both the full mouth and each sampling site (
conclusionsThese findings suggest that IL-34 and CSF-1 expression increases in patients with SIII-GC-PD. CSF-1 was associated with the inflammatory status of periodontal tissues and T2DM, while IL-34 was associated only with T2DM.
trial registrationClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT04891627.
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