ArticleHeliyon2022
Association between multiple meteorological variables and seasonal influenza A and B virus transmission in Macau.
Article in Heliyon, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 6 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
6 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Associations between sunshine and influenza or influenza-like illness, a systematic review and meta-analysis.International journal of biometeorology · 2026Pooled it
- Nonlinear and potential driving impacts of meteorological and air pollution factors on influenza-like illness in Jinan, China.BMC public health · 2025Article
- Estimation of under-reporting influenza cases in Hong Kong based on bayesian hierarchical framework.Infectious Disease Modelling · 2025Article
- Impact of meteorological factors on influenza incidence in Wuxi from 2014 to 2019: a time series and comprehensive analysis.Frontiers in public health · 2025Article
- Study on the impact of meteorological factors on influenza in different periods and prediction based on artificial intelligence RF-Bi-LSTM algorithm: to compare the COVID-19 period with the non-COVID-19 period.BMC infectious diseases · 2024Article
- The role of meteorological factors on influenza incidence among children in Guangzhou China, 2019-2022.Frontiers in public health · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Few studies have evaluated the influence of meteorological variables on different influenza types in subtropical regions. This study aimed to explore the association between meteorological variables and the onset of influenza A (Flu-A) and B (Flu-B) in Macau. Daily influenza case data in Macau were collected from Kiang Wu Hospital from 1 January, 2014 to 31 December, 2018. Daily meteorological data were obtained from the Macau Meteorological Service. The distributed lag non-linear model (DLNM) was used to estimate the effects of meteorological variables on seasonal influenza outbreaks. Regarding mean air temperature (temp), the peaks of the cumulative relative risks (RRs) of Flu-A and Flu-B were both at 4.0 °C and 28.0 °C. Regarding the diurnal temperature range (DTR), the peaks of the cumulative RR of Flu-A were at 1.0 °C and 5.0 °C, while the cumulative RR of Flu-B increased as the DTR decreased. The association between influenza risks and relative humidity (RH) showed a U-shape curve. The risk of influenza increased when the RH was below 50% or above 90%. The risk of both types of influenza increased significantly when the sunshine duration (SD) was below 3.5 h. Taking the median value as the reference, a significant cold effect was observed over 16-24 days lag for Flu-A. Lag effects were found for both types of influenza in low-DTR, and humid and short SD conditions. This study revealed complex non-linear association between meteorological variables and the different influenza types in Macau.
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