ArticleHeliyon2022
Potential toxic elements (PTEs) concentration in wheat and flour products in Iran: A probabilistic risk assessment.
Article in Heliyon, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 14 papers.
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Who cites it
14 citing papers in PubMed, 31 citations in OpenAlex.
- Determination of Trace Elements in Maize Flour Consumed in Turkey by ICP-OES and Assessment of Non-Carcinogenic Health Risk.Biological trace element research · 2026Article
- Cow, Buffalo and Goat Milk as a Pathway for Heavy Metal Exposure from Coal Mining Activities with Spatial and Species-Specific Health Risk Evaluation.Biological trace element research · 2026Article
- Heavy metal concentrations and assessment of health risk attributed to the consumption of wheat.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Health risk assessment of toxic elements and nitrate in tuberous vegetables: carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic perspectives, monte carlo simulation, and sensitivity analysis.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Health risk assessment of potentially toxic elements in bread from Iranian markets using Monte Carlo simulation.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Health Risk Assessment of Exposure to Heavy Metals in Wheat Flour from Iran Markets: Application of Monte Carlo Simulation Approach.Biological trace element research · 2025Article
- Evaluation of Health Risks Associated with Potential Toxic Elements in Selected Vegetables Consumed in the Western Black Sea Region of Turkey.ACS omega · 2025Article
- Human health risk assessment of arsenic and potentially toxic elements exposure in bread and wheat flour in Northeast Iran.PloS one · 2025Article
- Article
- Assessing Health Risks Associated with Heavy Metals in Food: A Bibliometric Analysis.Foods (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Review
- Recent Progress on Fluorescent Probes in Heavy Metal Determinations for Food Safety: A Review.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Review
- Deposition, Dietary Exposure and Human Health Risks of Heavy Metals in Mechanically Milled Maize Flours in Mbarara City, Uganda.Journal of xenobiotics · 2023Article
- Effect of salinity on the potential cadmium phytoremediation from the polluted soil byHeliyon · 2023Article
- Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
8 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The aim of This study was to assess the concentration of potential toxic elements (PTEs) in wheat, flour of Sangak, and Lavash bread samples and the possible effect of the milling process due to a depreciation of the device. Levels of PTEs in tested samples (n = 270) from 10 factories in Iran were determined by ICP-OES (inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry). In addition, the associated human health risk due to consumption of wheat, Sangak and Lavash bread flours in adults and children was estimated. In this approach, percentile 95% hazard quotient (HQ), Hazard index (HI), and Total Hazard Index (THI) was used as a symptom for endangering the consumer people health. A significant difference was detected in Ni concentration between wheat and two brands of flours i.e., Sangak and Lavash samples. The PTEs concentration order in the wheat and flour samples was Fe > Zn > Cu > Ni > Cr > Pb > As > Cd, respectively. Consistent with findings, the concentration of PTEs in all samples was less than the permitted limit set by the European Commission and JECFA committee. The non-carcinogenic and carcinogenic human health risk assessment (HRA) was calculated. Bread consumption per capita is 0.45 kg for adults and 0.27 kg for children per day. The results showed that both adults and children groups are not at remarkable health risk for PTEs at mean HQ, HI, THI <1 and ELCR <10E-4, but for HRA at the percentile 95% showed there is HRA of non-carcinogenic and carcinogenic disease for children group (HQ, HI, THI >1 and ELCR >10E-4).
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