ReviewFrontiers in veterinary science2022
Heat tolerance, thermal equilibrium and environmental management strategies for dairy cows living in intertropical regions.
Review in Frontiers in veterinary science, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 7 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
7 citing papers in PubMed, 11 citations in OpenAlex.
- Multivariate hematological and biochemical profiling reveals conserved physiological modules in Brahman- and Charolais-crossbred beef cattle under tropical smallholder systems.Veterinary world · 2026Article
- The Welfare Impact of Heat Stress in South American Beef Cattle and the Cost-Effectiveness of Shade Provision.Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2026Article
- Heat stress affects dairy cow performance via oxidative stress, hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, gut microbiota, and multi-dimensional mitigation.Frontiers in veterinary science · 2025Review
- Challenges for Animal Health and Production in the Tropics and Mediterranean for the next 55 years.Tropical animal health and production · 2024Article
- Applications of Artificial Intelligence for Heat Stress Management in Ruminant Livestock.Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
- Knowledge and perception of milk producers about thermal stress in Brazilian dairy farms.Heliyon · 2024Article
- Use of Solar Panels for Shade for Holstein Heifers.Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
9 authors at 4 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
This review makes an attempt to characterize the physical attributes of heat tolerance, thermal equilibrium and thermal stress thresholds for dairy cows living in tropical environments, with a particular emphasis on pasture-based systems. Under such circumstances, the radiant heat load is the principal climatic factor that determines rates of heat and mass exchanges between cows and the environment. This fact may explain why simple mechanistic models based on air temperature and humidity are not adequately predicting thermal stress thresholds for cattle in tropical regions. To overcome this limitation, the Index of Thermal Stress for Cows (ITSC) and Index for the time spent in shade (ITS), which account for various sources of thermal radiation, were proposed to predict autonomous and behavioral thermoregulation of cows. Overall, the evolutionary adaptation of cattle in tropics favored animals that have cutaneous surface with a skin well protected against penetration of ultraviolet solar radiation (UV), covered by a coat surface with high thermal conductivity. For Holstein breed, although predominantly black animals absorb greater levels of short-wave solar radiation, they may present better protection of skin than white ones. However, dark-colored cows in tropical pastures have potential to absorb as much as 640 W m
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Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.