ArticleFrontiers in microbiology2022
Symbiotic microbiota and odor ensure mating in time for giant pandas.
Article in Frontiers in microbiology, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 9 papers.
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Who cites it
9 citing papers in PubMed, 9 citations in OpenAlex.
- Microbial Contributions to Primate Reproduction.Evolutionary anthropology · 2026Review
- The Acari Hypothesis, VIII: the human apocrine-mammary-microbiota axis andFrontiers in microbiology · 2026Article
- The Scent Gland Microbiomes of Wild Tamarins Provide New Insight Into Microbial Contributions to Olfactory Communication.Ecology and evolution · 2025Article
- Metabolomic Analysis of Environmental Biomarkers Reveals Markers of Mate Preference in Female Giant Pandas.Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2025Article
- Reintroduction training is instrumental in restoring the oral microbiota of giant pandas from "captivity" to "wildness".BMC microbiology · 2025Article
- Low Reproductivity of Giant Pandas May Be Associated with Increased VaginalMicroorganisms · 2024Article
- Characterizing the metabolome and microbiome at giant panda scent marking sites during the mating season.iScience · 2024Article
- Bats, Bacteria, and Bat Smell V.2.0: Repeatable Sex-Specific Differences in Scent Organ Microbiota.Microbial ecology · 2024Article
- High-throughput sequencing and characterization of potentially pathogenic fungi from the vaginal mycobiome of giant panda (Frontiers in microbiology · 2024Article
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Authors and funding
24 authors at 6 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
To achieve reproduction, male solitary mammals need to locate females using chemical communication with high levels of precision. In the case of giant pandas, the total estrus period of females was usually 15 days each year, however, successful mating activity is finished within 3 days from respective home range. The mating pattern of giant pandas, where multiple males compete for each female requires females employ efficient systems to communicate their estrus phases. To verifying whether the scent secretions of giant pandas changes by gender and estrus progression, the microbiota and compounds in 29 anogenital gland samples from 14 individuals during estrus were analyzed by 16S rRNA sequencing and GC-MS. We show that the microbiota communities covary by gender with 4 particular compounds of scent secretions. Among 597 genera, 34 were identified as biomarkers that could be used to distinguish between different estrus phases. By bacterial-compounds co-analysis, 3 fatty ester acids and squalene compounds covaried with the development of estrus in the bacterial communities of female giant pandas. This study helps clarify how a large, solitary mammal expresses accurate information to improve the likelihood of successful reproduction by changing the composition of microbiota and odor compounds of anogenital glands during estrus.
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