ReviewSN comprehensive clinical medicine2023
Brain fog as a Long-term Sequela of COVID-19.
Review in SN comprehensive clinical medicine, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 37 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
37 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Psychological and Cognitive Sequelae of COVID-19: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Journal of psychiatric and mental health nursing · 2026Pooled it
- Evaluating qigong as integrative support for COVID-19 and Long-COVID-19 rehabilitation: a systematic review.Frontiers in psychology · 2024Pooled it
- Long COVID brain fog treatment: An early-phase randomized controlled trial of constraint-induced cognitive therapy signals go.Rehabilitation psychology · 2026Trial
- Symptom, Functional, and Work Participation Profiles Among Racialized Canadians with Pre-Existing Mental Health Challenges and Long COVID: A Cross-Sectional Study.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Acute COVID-19 severity and impaired cognitive function up to 32 months after diagnosis: an observational study.BMC medicine · 2026Observational
- Nutritional Approaches to Managing Brain Fog: Insights Into Neuroinflammation, the Gut-brain Axis, and Sleep.Current nutrition reports · 2026Review
- Alterations in MicroRNA and Cytokine Expressions in Placental and Amniotic Tissues of COVID-19 Affected Pregnant Women.The Kaohsiung journal of medical sciences · 2026Article
- COVID-19 Fog Symptoms Are Associated with Brain Metabolism and Platelet-to-Lymphocyte Ratio-A Cross-Sectional Analysis of the COVMENT Trial Baseline Data.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Article
- Psychopathological, neuropsychological and sociodemographic description of the population using a post-COVID outpatient clinic: results from the 2Long4COVID BLOOD study.European archives of psychiatry and clinical neuroscience · 2026Article
- Cognition, Cytokines, Blood-Brain Barrier, and Beyond in COVID-19: A Narrative Review.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Consequences of COVID-19 infection on educators' executive functions: A systematic review and meta-analysis protocol.PloS one · 2026Article
- Brain and muscle chemistry in myalgic encephalitis/chronic fatigue syndrome (ME/CFS) and long COVID: a 7T magnetic resonance spectroscopy study.Molecular psychiatry · 2025Article
- Article
- Memory loss in patients with long COVID can be due to reduced hippocampal neurogenesis.European archives of psychiatry and clinical neuroscience · 2025Article
- Exploring the experiences of cognitive symptoms in Long COVID: a mixed-methods study in the UK.BMJ open · 2025Article
- Depression, Anxiety, and Neuropsychiatric Symptom Burden in a Longitudinal Cohort with Persistent Psychophysical Post-COVID Olfactory Dysfunction.Brain sciences · 2024Article
- Neurological complications caused by SARS-CoV-2.Clinical microbiology reviews · 2024Review
- Deep into Cognition: The Neuropsychological Identikit of Younger and Older Individuals after COVID-19 Infection.Biology · 2024Article
- Deterioration of neuroimmune homeostasis in Alzheimer's Disease patients who survive a COVID-19 infection.Journal of neuroinflammation · 2024Article
- Adaptation and Validation of the Turkish Version of the Brain Fog Scale.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
1 author.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Increasing data indicate that people infected with COVID-19 are at high risk for developing long-term neurological complications, such as "brain fog" or cognitive impairment. However, little is known about the long-term outcomes of COVID-19 survivors. This also applies to the prevalence, risk factors, and pathobiological findings associated with these consequences. Although cognitive complications are anticipated in patients who require a long-lasting hospital stay or intubation, milder cases of COVID-19 with no record of hospitalization have also been shown to experience assessable cognitive challenges. Cognitive impairment can have a devastating impact on daily functioning. Understanding the long-term effect of COVID-19 on cognitive function is vital for applying specific schemes to those who wish to return to their jobs productively.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.