ArticleCureus2022
Mediating Effect of Upper Limb Use on the Relationship Between Upper Limb Performance and Activities of Daily Living: A Longitudinal Mediation Analysis.
Article in Cureus, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
4 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Effect of virtual reality-based upper limb training on activity of daily living and quality of life among stroke survivors: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Journal of neuroengineering and rehabilitation · 2025Pooled it
- Effects of home-based neurostimulation on outcomes after stroke: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Neurological sciences : official journal of the Italian Neurological Society and of the Italian Society of Clinical Neurophysiology · 2024Pooled it
- Mechanical Analysis for Active Movement of Upper Limb Rehabilitation Robots to Alleviate Shoulder Pain in Patients with Stroke Hemiplegia and Frozen Shoulder.Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
2 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
introductionUpper limb performance, frequency of upper limb use, and psychological factors are associated with activities of daily living (ADLs) after stroke. We performed a mediation analysis to investigate how the frequency of upper limb use and some psychological factors mediate the relationship between upper limb performance and ADLs.
methodsTwenty-two patients with stroke were included in this longitudinal study. We utilized the frequency of upper limb use outcome measures (amount of use and quality of motion of the motor activity log), psychological factors outcome measures (General Self-Efficacy Scale), upper limb performance outcome measures (Fugl-Meyer Assessment (FMA)), and ADLs outcome measure (Functional Independence Measure (FIM) motor subscale (M)). Mediation analysis with a bootstrap sampling procedure was used to assess the indirect effects.
resultsMediation analysis showed that the FMA, as measured by the FIM (M), had significant indirect effects on the amount of use (95% bootstrapped confidence interval (CI): 0.36-2.42) and quality of motion (95% bootstrapped CI: 0.06-1.88). The relationship between upper limb performance and ADLs was mediated by the frequency of upper limb use.
conclusionOur findings suggest that improving the frequency of upper limb use may accelerate post-stroke recovery.
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Registered trials
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