Evidence map›Paper›PMID 36464678›Full record

ArticleBMC medicine2022

Short stature and language development in the United Kingdom: a longitudinal analysis of children from the Millennium Cohort Study.

Joseph Freer, Joanna Orr, Joan K Morris, Robert Walton, Leo Dunkel, Helen L Storr, Andrew J Prendergast

Open access · goldAbstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in BMC medicine, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
4citing papers in PubMed
0.6field-weighted citation impact, top 37% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

4 citing papers in PubMed, 5 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Article
  2. Review
  3. Article
  4. Inequalities in the assessment of childhood short stature.The British journal of general practice : the journal of the Royal College of General Practitioners · 2023
    Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.

Joseph Freer *Queen Mary University of London, London, UK. j.freer@qmul.ac.uk.ORCID 0000-0002-5114-7059
Joanna Orr *Queen Mary University of London, London, UK.
Joan K MorrisSt George's, University of London, London, UK.
Robert WaltonQueen Mary University of London, London, UK.
Leo DunkelQueen Mary University of London, London, UK.
Helen L StorrQueen Mary University of London, London, UK.
Andrew J PrendergastQueen Mary University of London, London, UK.
Queen Mary University of London · GBSt George's, University of London · GB

Funding

Wellcome Trust 108065/Z/15/Z
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundIn low- and middle-income countries, poverty and impaired growth prevent children from meeting their cognitive developmental potential. There are few studies investigating these relationships in high-income settings.

methodsParticipants were 12,536 children born between 2000 and 2002 in the UK and participating in the Millennium Cohort Study (MCS). Short stature was defined as having a height-for-age 2 or more standard deviations below the median (≤ - 2 SDS) at age 3 years. Standardized British Abilities Scales II (BAS II) language measures, used to assess language development at ages 3, 5, 7 and 11 years, were the main outcome assessed.

resultsChildren with short stature at age 3 years (4.1%) had language development scores that were consistently lower from ages 3 to 11 years (- 0.26 standard deviations (SD) (95% CI - 0.37, - 0.15)). This effect was attenuated but remained significant after adjustment for covariates. Trajectory analysis produced four distinct patterns of language development scores (low-declining, low-improving, average and high). Multinomial logistic regression models showed that children with short stature had a higher risk of being in the low-declining group, relative to the average group (relative risk ratio (RRR) = 2.11 (95% CI 1.51, 2.95)). They were also less likely to be in the high-scoring group (RRR = 0.65 (0.52, 0.82)). Children with short stature at age 3 years who had 'caught up' by age 5 years (height-for-age ≥ 2 SDS) did not have significantly different scores from children with persistent short stature, but had a higher probability of being in the high-performing group than children without catch-up growth (RRR = 1.84 (1.11, 3.07)).

conclusionsShort stature at age 3 years was associated with lower language development scores at ages 3 to 11 years in UK children. These associations remained significant after adjustment for socioeconomic, child and parental factors.

Indexed as

Body HeightLanguage DevelopmentChildChild, PreschoolCohort StudiesHumansOdds RatioUnited KingdomChild developmentCognitionCognitive developmentHeightLinear growthShort statureStunting

Identifiers

PMID36464678
PMCPMC9721056
OpenAlexW4310663967

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.