ArticleBMC biology2022
Visualizing extracellular vesicle biogenesis in gram-positive bacteria using super-resolution microscopy.
Article in BMC biology, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 37 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
37 citing papers in PubMed, 56 citations in OpenAlex.
- Extracellular Vesicles from Lactic Acid Bacteria: Emerging Postbiotic Effectors in Host-Microbe Crosstalk.Probiotics and antimicrobial proteins · 2026Review
- Probiotics and Extracellular Vesicles as Redox Modulators in Wound Healing: From Microbial Therapeutics to Engineered Nanotherapeutic Strategies.Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Gram-Positive and Gram-Negative Probiotic Extracellular Vesicles: Mechanisms of Immune Modulation and Therapeutic Opportunities in Atopic Dermatitis.Clinical reviews in allergy & immunology · 2026Review
- Group B streptococcal membrane vesicles induce proinflammatory responses in neonatal meninges.Infection and immunity · 2026Article
- Choosing the Right Extracellular Vesicle: Cross-Kingdom Immunological Functions Linking Molecular Mechanisms to Therapeutic Applications.Biomolecules · 2026Review
- The Effect of Myrtacine and Celastrol-Enriched Extract on Cutibacterium acnes Extracellular Vesicles.International journal of dermatology · 2026Article
- Advances in multivariate analysis of extracellular vesicles using visible light-based analytical methods.Nanoscale · 2026Review
- Clinical Human-Derived Pathogen Signatures Captured by SERS and Deep Learning for Environmental Exposure Risk Assessment.Environment & health (Washington, D.C.) · 2026Article
- Membrane Vesicles fromInternational journal of molecular sciences · 2026Article
- Super-resolution mapping reveals NAD⁺-delivering probiotic extracellular vesicles as nanotherapeutics for organelle protection and inflammation control.Journal of nanobiotechnology · 2026Article
- Bacterial extracellular vesicles in colorectal cancer: mechanisms, biomarker potential, and therapeutic engineering.Cell communication and signaling : CCS · 2026Review
- Bacterial extracellular vesicles as players in biofilm dynamics and community interactions.FEMS microbiology reviews · 2026Review
- From biogenesis to host modulation: the expanding biology of oral streptococcal membrane vesicles.FEMS microbiology reviews · 2026Review
- Bacterial extracellular vesicles as central mediators of microbiota-host communication.Frontiers in microbiology · 2026Review
- Microbial membrane vesicles and the intestinal epithelium: a crosstalk in health and disease.Archives of microbiology · 2025Review
- Outer Membrane Vesicles, Lipidome, and Biofilm Formation in the EndophyteMicroorganisms · 2025Article
- Bacterial Extracellular Vesicles: Emerging Regulators in the Gut-Organ Axis and Prospective Biomedical Applications.Current microbiology · 2025Review
- Biofilms Exposed: Innovative Imaging and Therapeutic Platforms for Persistent Infections.Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Comparative and pharmacological investigation of bEVs from eight Lactobacillales strains.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Extracellular vesicles derived from Lactobacillus gasseri GFC-1220 alleviate inflammation via the TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathway in LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 macrophages.Scientific reports · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
10 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundRecently, bacterial extracellular vesicles (EVs) have been considered to play crucial roles in various biological processes and have great potential for developing cancer therapeutics and biomedicine. However, studies on bacterial EVs have mainly focused on outer membrane vesicles released from gram-negative bacteria since the outermost peptidoglycan layer in gram-positive bacteria is thought to preclude the release of EVs as a physical barrier.
resultsHere, we examined the ultrastructural organization of the EV produced by gram-positive bacteria using super-resolution stochastic optical reconstruction microscopy (STORM) at the nanoscale, which has not been resolved using conventional microscopy. Based on the super-resolution images of EVs, we propose three major mechanisms of EV biogenesis, i.e., membrane blebbing (mechanisms 1 and 2) or explosive cell lysis (mechanism 3), which are different from the mechanisms in gram-negative bacteria, despite some similarities.
conclusionsThese findings highlight the significant role of cell wall degradation in regulating various mechanisms of EV biogenesis and call for a reassessment of previously unresolved EV biogenesis in gram-positive bacteria.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.