ReviewAllergy2023
Sounding the alarmins-The role of alarmin cytokines in asthma.
Review in Allergy, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 74 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
74 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 97 citations in OpenAlex.
- Thymic stromal lymphopoietin expression in different biological specimens in asthma: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in allergy · 2025Pooled it
- Evaluation of the safety, tolerability, pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of SM17 in healthy volunteers: results from pre-clinical models and a first-in-human, randomized, double blinded clinical trial.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Trial
- Roles of alarmins in human small airways are independent of immune cells.Respiratory research · 2026Article
- Different Inflammatory Phenotypes and Immune Endotypes Drive Disease Heterogeneity in Asthma and COPD.Clinical reviews in allergy & immunology · 2026Review
- Biomarkers of Treatment-Escalation Risk by Obesity Status in Pediatric Asthma: A Development and External Validation Cohort Study.Children (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Article
- Alarmins differentially modulate airway contraction and relaxation of human small airways.Respiratory research · 2026Review
- Mechanisms and therapeutic strategies of asthma: from bench to bedside.Signal transduction and targeted therapy · 2026Review
- IL-17B protects against uropathogenicMicrobiology spectrum · 2026Article
- Review
- Targeting Type 2 and Non-type 2 Asthma: Emerging Biologics and Personalized Strategies.Current allergy and asthma reports · 2026Review
- Review
- An Ex Vivo Model of Post Infectious Bronchiolitis Obliterans in Children Using Reconstituted Human Bronchial Epithelium.Biomolecules · 2026Article
- Investigating the therapeutic potential of polymeric roflumilast nanosuspension in modulating asthma hallmarks using an in vivo ovalbumin model.Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology · 2026Article
- IL-33 associates with type 2 burden and lung function in paediatric asthma, alongside exploratory IL-33-linked lipid changes.BMC pediatrics · 2026Article
- Sexual Dimorphism in Allergic and Mast Cell-Associated Diseases.Clinical reviews in allergy & immunology · 2026Review
- STAT6-IP-dependent inhibition of type 2 innate and Th2 adaptive immunity in the murine lung.ImmunoHorizons · 2026Article
- Involvement of increased arginase-1The Journal of international medical research · 2026Article
- From Chronic Inflammation to Remodeling: Anthocyanins in the Context of Asthma Management.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Wheat Allergy in the Era of Precision Medicine: From Novel Molecular Markers to New Therapeutic Perspectives.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
14 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
10 authors at 6 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The alarmin cytokines thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP), interleukin (IL)-33, and IL-25 are epithelial cell-derived mediators that contribute to the pathobiology and pathophysiology of asthma. Released from airway epithelial cells exposed to environmental triggers, the alarmins drive airway inflammation through the release of predominantly T2 cytokines from multiple effector cells. The upstream positioning of the alarmins is an attractive pharmacological target to block multiple T2 pathways important in asthma. Blocking the function of TSLP inhibits allergen-induced responses including bronchoconstriction, airway hyperresponsiveness, and inflammation, and subsequent clinical trials of an anti-TSLP monoclonal antibody, tezepelumab, in asthma patients demonstrated improvements in lung function, airway responsiveness, inflammation, and importantly, a reduction in the rate of exacerbations. Notably, these improvements were observed in patients with T2-high and with T2-low asthma. Clinical trials blocking IL-33 and its receptor ST2 have also shown improvements in lung function and exacerbation rates; however, the impact of blocking the IL-33/ST2 axis in T2-high versus T2-low asthma is unclear. To date, there is no evidence that IL-25 blockade is beneficial in asthma. Despite the considerable overlap in the cellular functions of IL-25, IL-33, and TSLP, they appear to have distinct roles in the immunopathology of asthma.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.