Observational studyBMC public health2022
Social determinants of health associated with COVID-19 severity during pregnancy: a multinational cohort study (in the International Registry of Coronavirus Exposure in Pregnancy).
Observational study in BMC public health, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT04366986 (International Registry of Coronavirus Exposure in Pregnancy), which is not on this map. Cited by 5 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
International Registry of Coronavirus Exposure in Pregnancy (IRCEP)
Who cites it
5 citing papers in PubMed, 7 citations in OpenAlex.
- Socioeconomic inequalities in maternal infections during pregnancy: administrative health data evidence from a large UK urban area with high levels of inequality.BMC public health · 2026Article
- Association of Area Deprivation Index with perinatal and COVID-19 outcomes during the early pandemic: a secondary analysis of a prospective cohort study.The journal of maternal-fetal & neonatal medicine : the official journal of the European Association of Perinatal Medicine, the Federation of Asia and Oceania Perinatal Societies, the International Society of Perinatal Obstetricians · 2025Article
- Association Between Severity of COVID-19 and Social Determinants of Health with Adverse Pregnancy Outcomes in a Study of Mother-Infant Pairs in Los Angeles, California.Women (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- The mediating role of SARS-CoV-2 variants between income and hospitalization due to COVID-19: a period-based mediation analysis.American journal of epidemiology · 2025Article
- Helping Us Grow Stronger (HUGS)/Abrazos: a community-based initiative improved perinatal mental health in an urban cohort.American journal of obstetrics & gynecology MFM · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
8 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundThe COVID-19 pandemic has caused morbidity and mortality, particularly among vulnerable populations. We aimed to assess social and demographic characteristics associated with COVID-19 severity among symptomatic participants during pregnancy.
methodsThe International Registry of Coronavirus Exposure in Pregnancy is a multinational, longitudinal observational cohort study of adult participants tested for SARS-CoV-2 or who received clinical diagnosis of COVID-19 during pregnancy (NCT04366986). Disease severity status of mild, moderate, or severe was determined based on symptoms and healthcare utilization. Stratified by current versus recent pregnancy at enrollment, univariate mixed-effects logistic regression modeling was used to characterize association between social and demographic characteristics with COVID-19 severity, using a cumulative mixed effect model with country as a random effect.
resultsThe odds of developing more severe COVID-19 (odds ratio [95% confidence interval]) were higher among participants with lower socioeconomic status (poor: 2.72 [2.01,3.69]; lower-middle class: 2.07 [1.62,2.65] vs wealthy), among participants with lower educational attainment (high school: 1.68 [1.39,2.03]; < high school (1.77 [1.25,2.51] vs graduate education). Participants over 25 years of age had lower odds of severe COVID-19 versus participants < 25 years (25-34: 0.69 [0.56,0.85]; 35-50: 0.62 [0.48,0.80]). Employment in food services was also associated with increased odds of more severe COVID-19, whereas employment in healthcare and within home, and primiparity were associated with lower severity.
conclusionsFindings suggest that employment setting and economic status have strong associations with COVID-19 severity, which warrants considering social determinants of health in the context of assessing risk factors of more severe COVID-19 during pregnancy.
trial registrationIRCEP was registered with the European Network of Centres for Pharmacoepidemiology and Pharmacovigilance (ENCePP) [EUPAS37360] and clinicaltrials.gov [NCT04366986].
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Registered trials
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