SynthesisSocial psychiatry and psychiatric epidemiology2023
Sex differences in suicide, suicidal ideation, and self-harm after release from incarceration: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
Synthesis in Social psychiatry and psychiatric epidemiology, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 18 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
18 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 30 citations in OpenAlex.
- Social Determinants of Health and Suicide-Related Outcomes: A Review of Meta-Analyses.JAMA psychiatry · 2025Pooled it
- Sociodemographic, health and criminological risk factors for post-imprisonment mental health and substance use-related service contacts: A nationwide retrospective cohort study using linked data (RELEASE).Social psychiatry and psychiatric epidemiology · 2026Article
- Childhood trauma, substance use and mental health: Exploring differences across two Tunisian jails.PloS one · 2026Article
- Suicide prevention following conviction within the criminal justice system: a review of good practice using a social-ecological framework.BMC global and public health · 2025Review
- How competing needs after incarceration lead to adverse health outcomes among people who use criminalized drugs.BMC global and public health · 2025Review
- Age-period-cohort analysis of self-harm incidence rates by gender in Iran among individuals aged 10-39 years, 1990-2019.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Comparison of the trend of suicide before and after the COVID-19 pandemic in Southeast Iran from 2016 to 2023.BMC public health · 2025Article
- A scoping review of suicide prevention interventions for Latinx adults: strategies, gaps, and future directions.Frontiers in public health · 2025Article
- Determinants of access to primary healthcare for formerly incarcerated women transitioning into the community: a systematic review of the literature.BMJ public health · 2024Article
- Share of Adult Suicides After Recent Jail Release.JAMA network open · 2024Article
- Sex-related inequalities in crude and age-standardized suicide rates: trends in Ghana from 2000 to 2019.BMC public health · 2024Article
- Mortality in women with a history of incarceration in Norway: a 20-year national cohort study.International journal of epidemiology · 2024Article
- Suicide Mortality Among Formerly Incarcerated People Compared With the General Population in North Carolina, 2000-2020.American journal of epidemiology · 2024Article
- Article
- The associations between social determinants of health, mental health, substance-use and recidivism: a ten-year retrospective cohort analysis of women who completed the connections programme in Australia.Harm reduction journal · 2024Article
- Investigating suicidal behavior among prisoners in the light of the behavioral addiction approach: results of a multicenter cross-sectional study.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2024Article
- Managed care updates of subscriber jail release to prompt community suicide prevention: clinical trial protocol.BMC health services research · 2023Article
- Psychiatric morbidity among women in Norwegian prisons, 2010-2019: a register-based study.BMC psychiatry · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
purposePeople released from incarceration are at increased risk of suicide compared to the general population. We aimed to synthesise evidence on the incidence of and sex differences in suicide, suicidal ideation, and self-harm after release from incarceration.
methodsWe searched MEDLINE, EMBASE, PsycINFO, Web of Science and PubMed between 1 January 1970 and 14 October 2021 for suicide, suicidal ideation, and self-harm after release from incarceration (PROSPERO registration: CRD42020208885). We calculated pooled crude mortality rates (CMRs) and standardised mortality ratios (SMRs) for suicide, overall and by sex, using random-effects models. We calculated a pooled incidence rate ratio (IRR) comparing rates of suicide by sex.
resultsTwenty-nine studies were included. The pooled suicide CMR per 100,000 person years was 114.5 (95%CI 97.0, 132.0, I
conclusionPeople released from incarceration are greater than seven times more likely to die by suicide than the general population. The rate of suicide is higher after release than during incarceration, with the elevation in suicide risk (compared with the general population) three times higher for women than for men. Greater effort to prevent suicide after incarceration, particularly among women, is urgently needed.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.