ArticleBMC cardiovascular disorders2022
Prevalence of the metabolic syndrome and associated factors among inpatients with severe mental illness in Botswana: a cross-sectional study.
Article in BMC cardiovascular disorders, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers.
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Who cites it
4 citing papers in PubMed, 7 citations in OpenAlex.
- Depression and Anxiety as Comorbidities in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: A Comprehensive Narrative Review.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Family physicians as advocates for primary health care in Botswana.African journal of primary health care & family medicine · 2025Article
- Capturing metabolic syndrome in low-resource settings: a case study in urban Haiti.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2025Article
- Nurses' practice of metabolic monitoring for patients on antipsychotics in Lesotho.The South African journal of psychiatry : SAJP : the journal of the Society of Psychiatrists of South Africa · 2024Article
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
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Abstract
introductionThe metabolic syndrome, a cluster of inter-related risk factors for cardiovascular diseases is highly prevalent among individuals with obesity and sedentary lifestyle. Chronic psychiatric disorders such as severe mental illness are associated with increased risk for cardiovascular diseases. We aimed to assess the prevalence and correlates of metabolic syndrome among inpatients with severe mental illness in a resource limited setting with high HIV prevalence.
methodsThis was a cross-sectional study among adult inpatients at a referral psychiatric hospital in Botswana. We used convenience sampling to enrol participants available at the time of the study. The National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel-III (NCEP-ATP III) criteria was used to define the metabolic syndrome. Data were analysed using descriptive statistics as well as multiple logistic regression modelling.
resultsA total of 137 participants were enrolled. Of these, 119 (87%) had complete data for the main analysis. The overall prevalence of metabolic syndrome was 22.6% (95% CI 15.9, 30.6) and did not differ significantly by gender or HIV status. Age was significantly associated with the risk of having the metabolic syndrome while gender, body mass index, HIV status, and days of moderate physical activity were not.
conclusionThere was a moderately high prevalence of metabolic syndrome. Thus, the management of individuals with severe mental illness in resource limited settings should include assessment of cardiovascular risk and target modifiable risk factors in this population. Consideration for the patient's age should be made when rationalizing the limited resources available for assessing metabolic syndrome among patients with severe mental illness.
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