ArticleEye (London, England)2023
Dual wavelength retinal vessel oximetry - influence of fundus pigmentation.
Article in Eye (London, England), 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 8 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
8 citing papers in PubMed, 10 citations in OpenAlex.
- Ethnicity-Stratified Normative Retinal Vascular Features from the UK Biobank Using Deep Learning.Ophthalmology science · 2026Article
- Racial Variations in Retinal Oxygen Metabolic Biomarkers in Diabetic Retinopathy: A Pilot Study.Journal of ophthalmology · 2026Article
- Assessing and monitoring abnormal retinal blood circulation for early detection of pre-structural damage and enhanced diabetic retinopathy staging using non-invasive, high-resolution biophotonic imaging technology.Eye (London, England) · 2025Review
- Retinal oxygen metabolic function in choroideremia and retinitis pigmentosa.Graefe's archive for clinical and experimental ophthalmology = Albrecht von Graefes Archiv fur klinische und experimentelle Ophthalmologie · 2025Observational
- Evaluation of macular retinal oximetry across different levels of diabetic retinopathy: a cross sectional study.BMC ophthalmology · 2025Article
- Machine learning derived retinal pigment score from ophthalmic imaging shows ethnicity is not biology.Nature communications · 2025Article
- Potential measurement error from vessel reflex and multiple light paths in dual-wavelength retinal oximetry.Acta ophthalmologica · 2024Article
- Variations in Retinal Oxygen Saturation in a Diverse Healthy Population.Clinical optometry · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
3 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundClinical methods examining oxygenation parameters in humans have been used in many different care settings, but concerns have been raised regarding their clinical utility when assessing people with darker skin pigmentation. While saturation values can be crucial in emergency medicine, they are equally valuable in assessing disease mechanisms and monitoring change in disease progression. Retinal pigmentation varies across individuals and hence, can impact on retinal oxygen parameters. The objective of this study was to quantify and eliminate the impact of retinal pigmentation on retinal vessel oxygen saturation parameters measured in the superficial retinal arterioles and venules.
methods105 healthy individuals of varying skin colour, iris colour and heritage were included. Following a full eye exam to exclude any ocular abnormality, all participants underwent intraocular pressure, systemic blood pressure measurements and dilated dual wavelength retinal photography. Rotation matrices were employed to minimise the dependency of retinal pigmentation on arterial and venous oxygen saturation measurements determined in a concentric measurement annulus.
resultsRetinal oxygen saturation in venules showed a linear correlation with retinal pigmentation (y = 0.34 × x + 38.598), whereas arterial saturation followed a polynomial pattern (y = 0.0089 × x
conclusionsWhen assessing multi-ethnic cohorts, it is important to consider the impact of pigmentation on imaging parameters and to account for it prior to clinical interpretation.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.