ArticleProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America2022
Age-related brain atrophy is not a homogenous process: Different functional brain networks associate differentially with aging and blood factors.
Article in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 25 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
25 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 39 citations in OpenAlex.
- Hippocampal transcriptome-wide association study and pathway analysis of mitochondrial solute carriers in Alzheimer's disease.Translational psychiatry · 2024Pooled it
- Global and Medial Temporal MRI Morphometry in Alzheimer's Disease and Cognitively Normal Adults: A Retrospective Association Study.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- The influence of vascular risk factors and aging on choroid plexus enlargement.European radiology · 2026Article
- Article
- Interpretable deep learning reveals spatiotemporal MRI features of brain aging that align with neurodegeneration.GeroScience · 2026Article
- Clinical utility and prospective of TMS-EEG: Updated review from an international expert group.Clinical neurophysiology : official journal of the International Federation of Clinical Neurophysiology · 2026Review
- Age-related sleep changes in the human brain: insights from a large-scale thalamocortical model.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Blood measure of neuronal death is exponentially higher with age, especially in females, and halted in Alzheimer's disease by GM-CSF treatment.Cell reports. Medicine · 2026Article
- Retrospective evaluation of transcranial magnetic stimulation for enhancing arousal in patients with minimally conscious state: a single-centre study in Inner Mongolia, China.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2026Article
- Enhancing brain age estimation with structural MRI and synthesized cerebral blood volume maps.Brain communications · 2026Article
- Imaging markers of neuroinflammation in aging and Alzheimer's disease and related dementia: A comprehensive review.Neuroscience and biobehavioral reviews · 2025Review
- EpInflammAge: Epigenetic-Inflammatory Clock for Disease-Associated Biological Aging Based on Deep Learning.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
- Immunological biomarkers of aging.Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) · 2025Review
- Analysis of functional connectivity changes from childhood to old age: A study using HCP-D, HCP-YA, and HCP-A datasets.Imaging neuroscience (Cambridge, Mass.) · 2025Article
- Optimal trajectory of the neuroendoscope for third ventricle pavement access.Frontiers in neuroanatomy · 2025Article
- Inflammaging Markers in the Extremely Cold Climate: A Case Study of Yakutian Population.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Article
- The Impact of HIV on Early Brain Aging-A Pathophysiological (Re)View.Journal of clinical medicine · 2024Review
- Perivascular space enlargement accelerates in ageing and Alzheimer's disease pathology: evidence from a three-year longitudinal multicentre study.Alzheimer's research & therapy · 2024Observational
- Immunity impacts cognitive deficits across neurological disorders.Journal of neurochemistry · 2024Review
- The brain-body energy conservation model of aging.Nature aging · 2024Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
11 authors at 3 institutions in 4 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Aging is characterized by a progressive loss of brain volume at an estimated rate of 5% per decade after age 40. While these morphometric changes, especially those affecting gray matter and atrophy of the temporal lobe, are predictors of cognitive performance, the strong association with aging obscures the potential parallel, but more specific role, of individual subject physiology. Here, we studied a cohort of 554 human subjects who were monitored using structural MRI scans and blood immune protein concentrations. Using machine learning, we derived a cytokine clock (CyClo), which predicted age with good accuracy (Mean Absolute Error = 6 y) based on the expression of a subset of immune proteins. These proteins included, among others, Placenta Growth Factor (PLGF) and Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF), both involved in angiogenesis, the chemoattractant vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 (VCAM-1), the canonical inflammatory proteins interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα), the chemoattractant IP-10 (CXCL10), and eotaxin-1 (CCL11), previously involved in brain disorders. Age, sex, and the CyClo were independently associated with different functionally defined cortical networks in the brain. While age was mostly correlated with changes in the somatomotor system, sex was associated with variability in the frontoparietal, ventral attention, and visual networks. Significant canonical correlation was observed for the CyClo and the default mode, limbic, and dorsal attention networks, indicating that immune circulating proteins preferentially affect brain processes such as focused attention, emotion, memory, response to social stress, internal evaluation, and access to consciousness. Thus, we identified immune biomarkers of brain aging which could be potential therapeutic targets for the prevention of age-related cognitive decline.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.