ArticleThe Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism2023
Impact of the Complexity of Glucose Time Series on All-Cause Mortality in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes.
Article in The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 13 papers.
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Who cites it
13 citing papers in PubMed, 32 citations in OpenAlex.
- Comparison of glucose fluctuation between metformin combined with acarbose or sitagliptin in Chinese patients with type 2 diabetes: A multicenter, randomized, active-controlled, open-label, parallel design clinical trial.Chinese medical journal · 2025Trial
- Digital phenotyping of CGM engagement reveals distinct glycemic outcomes.PLOS digital health · 2026Article
- Association of glycemic variability with 28-day mortality and adverse outcomes among non-diabetes patients after cardiac surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass: a retrospective analysis on the MIMIC-IV database.BMC endocrine disorders · 2026Article
- Do Metrics of Temporal Glycemic Variability Reveal Abnormal Glucose Rates of Change in Type 1 Diabetes?Journal of diabetes science and technology · 2026Article
- Article
- Association between stress hyperglycemia ratio and mortality of traumatic brain injury patients based on MIMIC-IV and eICU databases.BMC neurology · 2026Article
- Chronobiologically-informed features from CGM data provide unique information for XGBoost prediction of longer-term glycemic dysregulation in 8,000 individuals with type-2 diabetes.PLOS digital health · 2025Article
- Article
- The complexity of glucose time series is associated with short- and long-term mortality in critically ill adults: a multi-center, prospective, observational study.Journal of endocrinological investigation · 2024Observational
- Glycemic variability: Measurement, target, impact on complications of diabetes and does it really matter?Journal of diabetes investigation · 2024Review
- Blood pressure fragmentation as a new measure of blood pressure variability: association with predictors of cardiac surgery outcomes.Frontiers in physiology · 2024Article
- Association of glycemic variability with death and severe consciousness disturbance among critically ill patients with cerebrovascular disease: analysis of the MIMIC-IV database.Cardiovascular diabetology · 2023Article
- Glycemic variability and in-hospital death of critically ill patients and the role of ventricular arrhythmias.Cardiovascular diabetology · 2023Article
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Authors and funding
11 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
contextPrevious studies suggest that the complexity of glucose time series may serve as a novel marker of glucose homeostasis.
objectiveWe aimed to investigate the relationship between the complexity of glucose time series and all-cause mortality in patients with type 2 diabetes.
methodsProspective data of 6000 adult inpatients with type 2 diabetes from a single center were analyzed. The complexity of glucose time series index (CGI) based on continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) was measured at baseline with refined composite multiscale entropy. Participants were stratified by CGI tertiles of: < 2.15, 2.15 to 2.99, and ≥ 3.00. Cox proportional hazards regression models were used to assess the relationship between CGI and all-cause mortality.
resultsDuring a median follow-up of 9.4 years, 1217 deaths were identified. A significant interaction between glycated hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) and CGI in relation to all-cause mortality was noted (P for interaction = 0.016). The multivariable-adjusted hazard ratios for all-cause mortality at different CGI levels (≥ 3.00 [reference group], 2.15-2.99, and < 2.15) were 1.00, 0.76 (95% CI, 0.52-1.12), and 1.47 (95% CI, 1.03-2.09) in patients with HbA1c < 7.0%, while the association was nonsignificant in those with HbA1c ≥ 7.0%. The restricted cubic spline regression revealed a nonlinear (P for nonlinearity = 0.041) relationship between CGI and all-cause mortality in subjects with HbA1c < 7.0% only.
conclusionLower CGI is associated with an increased risk of all-cause mortality among patients with type 2 diabetes achieving the HbA1c target. CGI may be a new indicator for the identification of residual risk of death in well-controlled type 2 diabetes.
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