SynthesisProstate cancer and prostatic diseases2023
Ethnic differences in prostate-specific antigen levels in men without prostate cancer: a systematic review.
Synthesis in Prostate cancer and prostatic diseases, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 32 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
32 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Exploring ethnic differences in the distribution of blood test results in healthy adult populations to inform earlier cancer detection: a systematic review.Family practice · 2024Pooled it
- Machine learning-driven cancer diagnostics with improved robustness and interpretability.Chemical science · 2026Review
- Comprehensive biochemical insights into derivatives of PSA and glycosylation-specific changes in PSA: role in diagnosis and management of prostate cancer.Clinical proteomics · 2026Review
- Prostate-specific antigen clearance after surgery for benign prostate enlargement in a cohort with median prostate-specific antigen greater than 4ng/ml.BMC urology · 2026Article
- Androgen deprivation therapy, cardiovascular risk, and mortality in black prostate cancer patients: challenging established beliefs?Prostate cancer and prostatic diseases · 2026Article
- Validation and context-dependent effects of a prostate cancer polygenic risk score in the All of Us Research Program.American journal of human genetics · 2026Article
- Combining Serum PVT1 Exon 4A and Exon 9 with Serum Prostate-Specific Antigen Shows Potential for Improving Identification and Risk Stratification of Prostate Cancer.Cancer management and research · 2026Article
- Evaluating the impact of a community-based prostate cancer screening program.Archives of public health = Archives belges de sante publique · 2025Article
- Real-world analyses of major adverse cardiovascular events and mortality risk after androgen deprivation therapy initiation in black vs. white prostate cancer patients.Prostate cancer and prostatic diseases · 2025Article
- Differences in prostate cancer treatment receipt and timeliness of treatment between African American/Black and White Iowans.Cancer causes & control : CCC · 2025Article
- Extended Roles in Healthcare Delivery: What Is the Role of the Laboratory in Addressing Ethnicity-Related Healthcare Disparities?Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- In Search of Ideal Solutions for Cancer Diagnosis: From Conventional Methods to Protein Biomarkers in Liquid Biopsy.Proteomes · 2025Review
- AMACR is a highly sensitive and specific immunohistochemical marker for diagnosing prostate cancer on biopsy: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Journal of pathology and translational medicine · 2025Article
- Variation in PSA Levels by Age, Adiposity, Race and Ethnicity, and Genetic Risk: Implications for Prostate Cancer Screening.Cancer epidemiology, biomarkers & prevention : a publication of the American Association for Cancer Research, cosponsored by the American Society of Preventive Oncology · 2025Article
- Associating serum testosterone levels with African ancestral prostate cancer health disparities.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Racial disparities in prostate cancer in the UK and the USA: similarities, differences and steps forwards.Nature reviews. Urology · 2025Review
- Exploring prostate-specific antigen (PSA) Testing rates and screening disparities in the all of us dataset.Urologic oncology · 2025Article
- Prostate-specific antigen, digital rectal examination, and prostate cancer detection: A study based on more than 7000 transrectal ultrasound-guided prostate biopsies in Ghana.Translational oncology · 2025Article
- Racial differences in male fertility parameters in 2,996 men examined for infertility in a single center.Arab journal of urology · 2025Article
- PSMA-based theranostics in diagnosing and treating prostate cancer in the Asian male population: a narrative review.Frontiers in oncology · 2025Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
Abstract
introductionBlack men are twice as likely to be diagnosed with prostate cancer than White men. Raised prostate-specific antigen (PSA) levels can indicate an increased risk of prostate cancer, however it is not known whether PSA levels differ for men of different ethnic groups.
methodsPubMed and Embase were searched to identify studies that reported levels of PSA for men of at least two ethnic groups without a prostate cancer diagnosis or symptoms suggestive of prostate cancer. An adaptation of the Newcastle-Ottawa scale was used to assess risk of bias and study quality. Findings were stratified into the following broad ethnic groups: White, Black, Asian, Hispanic, and Other. Data were analysed in a narrative synthesis due to the heterogeneity of reported PSA measures and methods in the included studies.
resultsA total of 654 197 males from 13 studies were included. By ethnicity, this included 536 201 White (82%), 38 287 Black (6%), 38 232 Asian (6%), 18 029 Pacific Island (3%), 13 614 Maori (2%), 8 885 Hispanic (1%), and 949 Other (<1%) men aged ≥40 years old. Black men had higher PSA levels than White men, and Hispanic men had similar levels to White men and lower levels than Black men.
conclusionsBlack men without prostate cancer have higher PSA levels than White or Hispanic men, which reflects the higher rates of prostate cancer diagnosis in Black men. Despite that, the diagnostic accuracy of PSA for prostate cancer for men of different ethnic groups is unknown, and current guidance for PSA test interpretation does not account for ethnicity. Future research needs to determine whether Black men are diagnosed with similar rates of clinically significant prostate cancer to White men, or whether raised PSA levels are contributing to overdiagnosis of prostate cancer in Black men.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.