SynthesisScientific reports2022
Risk of SARS-CoV-2 reinfection: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
Synthesis in Scientific reports, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 28 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
28 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 62 citations in OpenAlex.
- How does the SARS-CoV-2 reinfection rate change over time? The global evidence from systematic review and meta-analysis.BMC infectious diseases · 2024Pooled it
- Protective effectiveness of previous infection against subsequent SARS-Cov-2 infection: systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in public health · 2024Pooled it
- Optimal pandemic control strategies and cost-effectiveness of COVID-19 non-pharmaceutical interventions in the United States.BMC global and public health · 2025Article
- The ghost of infections past: Accounting for heterogeneity in individual infection history improves accuracy in epidemic forecasting.PLoS biology · 2025Article
- Leveraging Large Language Models for Infectious Disease Surveillance-Using a Web Service for Monitoring COVID-19 Patterns From Self-Reporting Tweets: Content Analysis.Journal of medical Internet research · 2025Article
- Next generation sequencing of multiple SARS-CoV-2 infections in the Omicron Era.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Article
- Incidence of SARS-CoV-2 reinfection among blood donors from two Brazilian states in the post-vaccination period: a prospective cohort study.Revista do Instituto de Medicina Tropical de Sao Paulo · 2025Article
- Safety and efficiency of COVID-19 vaccine in North Africa.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2024Article
- Measurement of circulating viral antigens post-SARS-CoV-2 infection in a multicohort study.Clinical microbiology and infection : the official publication of the European Society of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases · 2024Article
- SARS-CoV-2 Infection Risk by Vaccine Doses and Prior Infections Over 24 Months: ProHEpiC-19 Longitudinal Study.JMIR public health and surveillance · 2024Article
- Prevalence and Risk Factors of COVID-19 Reinfection in Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis: A Retrospective Observational Study.Yonsei medical journal · 2024Observational
- SARS-CoV-2 infections before, during, and after the Omicron wave: a 2-year Indian community cohort study.The Lancet regional health. Southeast Asia · 2024Article
- Hybrid Immunity and the Incidence of SARS-CoV-2 Reinfections during the Omicron Era in Frontline Healthcare Workers.Vaccines · 2024Article
- Assessing the dynamics and impact of COVID-19 vaccination on disease spread: A data-driven approach.Infectious Disease Modelling · 2024Article
- Enhancing detection of SARS-CoV-2 re-infections using longitudinal sero-monitoring: demonstration of a methodology in a cohort of people experiencing homelessness in Toronto, Canada.BMC infectious diseases · 2024Article
- Comparative outcomes of SARS-CoV-2 primary and reinfection in older adult patients.Frontiers in public health · 2024Article
- Specific persistent symptoms of COVID-19 and associations with reinfection: a community-based survey study in southern China.Frontiers in public health · 2024Article
- Risk of SARS-CoV-2 Reinfection 3 Years after the Start of the Pandemic: A Population-Level Observational Study.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- COVID-19-Related Age Profiles for SARS-CoV-2 Variants in England and Wales and States of the USA (2020 to 2022): Impact on All-Cause Mortality.Infectious disease reports · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
13 authors at 7 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
This meta-analysis aims to synthesize global evidence on the risk of reinfection among people previously infected with SARS-CoV-2. We systematically searched PubMed, Scopus, Embase and Web of Science as of April 5, 2021. We conducted: (1) meta-analysis of cohort studies containing data sufficient for calculating the incidence rate of SARS-CoV-2 reinfection; (2) systematic review of case reports with confirmed SARS-CoV-2 reinfection cases. The reinfection incidence was pooled by zero-inflated beta distribution. The hazard ratio (HR) between reinfection incidence among previously infected individuals and new infection incidence among infection-naïve individuals was calculated using random-effects models. Of 906 records retrieved and reviewed, 11 studies and 11 case reports were included in the meta-analysis and the systematic review, respectively. The pooled SARS-CoV-2 reinfection incidence rate was 0.70 (standard deviation [SD] 0.33) per 10,000 person-days. The incidence of reinfection was lower than the incidence of new infection (HR = 0.12, 95% confidence interval 0.09-0.17). Our meta-analysis of studies conducted prior to the emergency of the more transmissible Omicron variant showed that people with a prior SARS-CoV-2 infection could be re-infected, and they have a lower risk of infection than those without prior infection. Continuing reviews are needed as the reinfection risk may change due to the rapid evolution of SARS-CoV-2 variants.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.