ReviewSeminars in thrombosis and hemostasis2023
Laboratory Testing for Heparin-Induced Thrombocytopenia and Vaccine-Induced Immune Thrombotic Thrombocytopenia Antibodies: A Narrative Review.
Review in Seminars in thrombosis and hemostasis, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 16 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
16 citing papers in PubMed, 46 citations in OpenAlex.
- Classification of Platelet-Activating Anti-Platelet Factor 4 Disorders.International journal of laboratory hematology · 2026Review
- Anticoagulants beyond coagulation: a narrative review of cardiovascular effects.Cardiovascular research · 2026Review
- A combination of 2 rapid immunoassays significantly improves diagnostic sensitivity for heparin-induced thrombocytopenia.American journal of clinical pathology · 2026Observational
- Pentosan Polysulfate and Heparin Exhibit Comparable Interactions with Platelet Factor 4, Suggesting a Potential Risk of Thrombocytopenia.ACS omega · 2026Article
- Diagnostic Reassessment of a Historical Case of Atypical Heparin-Induced Thrombocytopenia: Between Spontaneous Heparin-Induced Thrombocytopenia and a Vaccine-Induced Immune Thrombotic Thrombocytopenia-Like Syndrome.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Cooperative effect between anti-PF4/H and anti-PF4 antibodies increases cell activation and thrombotic risk in HIT.Blood advances · 2025Article
- Emerging Thrombotic Disorders Associated with Virus-Based Innovative Therapies: From VITT to AAV Gene Therapy-Related Thrombotic Microangiopathy.Thrombosis and haemostasis · 2025Review
- Case Report: Anti-platelet factor 4 -mediated immunothrombosis in a patient with ANCA vasculitis - a shared mechanism of NETosis.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Article
- Article
- Practical guide to the diagnosis and management of heparin-induced thrombocytopenia.Hematology. American Society of Hematology. Education Program · 2024Review
- A cluster of pediatric vaccine-induced immune thrombotic thrombocytopenia-like cases with thrombosis and thrombocytopenia following respiratory infections-case series.Research and practice in thrombosis and haemostasis · 2024Article
- Flow cytometry vs conventional methods for the evaluation of anti-PF4/heparin antibodies: a single center study.Bioanalysis · 2024Article
- Thrombotic anti-PF4 immune disorders: HIT, VITT, and beyond.Hematology. American Society of Hematology. Education Program · 2023Article
- Heparin-induced thrombocytopenia (and autoimmune heparin-induced thrombocytopenia): an illustrious review.Research and practice in thrombosis and haemostasis · 2023Article
- Vaccine-Induced Immune Thrombocytopenia and Thrombosis (VITT)-Insights from Clinical Cases, In Vitro Studies and Murine Models.Journal of clinical medicine · 2023Review
- Autoimmune Diseases Affecting Hemostasis: A Narrative Review.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Heparin-induced thrombocytopenia (HIT) and vaccine-induced immune thrombotic thrombocytopenia (VITT) are highly prothrombotic (thrombosis frequency ≥50%). Both are caused by platelet-activating anti-platelet factor 4 (PF4) antibodies, forming PF4/IgG-containing immune complexes that engage platelet FcγIIa receptors, producing strong platelet activation. In HIT, heparin crosslinks several PF4 molecules, whereas in VITT, anti-PF4 antibodies alone crosslink PF4. Sufficient levels of circulating anti-PF4 antibodies are needed to create the pathogenic immune complexes on platelet surfaces; this explains why certain serum (plasma)-based assays are highly sensitive for detecting HIT/VITT antibodies. Accordingly, HIT and VITT are "clinical-pathological" disorders, that is, positive testing for such antibodies-together with a compatible clinical picture-is integral for diagnosis. Heparin (low concentrations)
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.