ReviewEBioMedicine2022
The difficulty in translating the preclinical success of combined TGFβ and immune checkpoint inhibition to clinical trial.
Review in EBioMedicine, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 51 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
51 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 74 citations in OpenAlex.
- Checkpoint inhibitors as dual immunotherapy in advanced non-small cell lung cancer: a meta-analysis.Frontiers in oncology · 2023Pooled it
- Intravenously deliverable oncolytic virus VET3-TGI favorably alters the tumor microenvironment.Journal for immunotherapy of cancer · 2026Article
- Article
- Inflammation reprograms fibro-adipogenic progenitors to sustain immunopathogenic niches in myositis.Cell death & disease · 2026Article
- Therapeutic manipulation and spatial quantification of the tumor microenvironment in colorectal cancer.iScience · 2026Article
- The TGF-βR1 inhibitor galunisertib re-shapes the PDAC-TME by limiting decidual-like natural killer cells polarization.Cell death & disease · 2026Article
- Asiaticoside enhances the antitumor efficacy of MSLN-targeted CAR-T cells in ovarian cancer.Journal of translational medicine · 2026Article
- Rewiring tumor cytokine networks to enhance immune checkpoint blockade: mechanisms, engineering, and clinical translation.Journal of experimental & clinical cancer research : CR · 2026Review
- Is there a link between fascia and cancer? From potential mechanisms to future treatment options.Frontiers in physiology · 2026Review
- Cancer-associated fibroblasts in head and neck tumours: signalling networks and therapeutic implications with insights from vestibular schwannoma.Frontiers in cell and developmental biology · 2026Review
- The resilient subset: cancer stem cells at the core of immunotherapy resistance.Immunotherapy advances · 2026Review
- The immune microenvironment of colorectal cancer.Nature reviews. Cancer · 2025Review
- Insights into the relevance of targeting fibroblasts to control cancer.Cell reports. Medicine · 2025Review
- Review
- TGFβ1 and SMAD3 Expression Are Associated With Survival After the Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor Therapy for Small Cell Lung Cancer.Cancer reports (Hoboken, N.J.) · 2025Article
- Masters of adaptation: How cancer and immune cell plasticity mediates tumor progression.PLoS biology · 2025Review
- Revisiting the TGFβ paradox: insights from HPV-driven cancer and the DNA damage response.Nature reviews. Cancer · 2025Review
- Spatio-Temporal Dynamics of MBulletin of mathematical biology · 2025Article
- Mitochondrial CaCell reports · 2025Article
- Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have transformed the treatment paradigm for solid tumors. However, even in cancers generally considered ICI-sensitive, responses can vary significantly. Thus, there is an ever-increasing interest in identifying novel means of improving therapeutic responses, both for cancers in which ICIs are indicated and those for which they have yet to show significant anti-tumor activity. To this end, Transforming Growth Factor β (TGFβ) signaling is emerging as an important barrier to the efficacy of ICIs. Accordingly, several preclinical studies now support the use of combined TGFβ and immune checkpoint blockade, with near-uniform positive results across a wide range of tumor types. However, as these approaches have started to emerge in clinical trials, the addition of TGFβ inhibitors has often failed to show a meaningful benefit beyond the current generation of ICIs alone. Here, we summarize landmark clinical studies exploring combined TGFβ and immune checkpoint blockade. These studies not only reinforce the difficulty in translating results from rodents to clinical trials in immune-oncology but also underscore the need to re-evaluate the design of trials exploring this approach, incorporating both mechanism-driven combination strategies and novel, predictive biomarkers to identify the patients most likely to derive clinical benefit.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.