ArticlePloS one2022
Measurement of thermal sweating at rest and steady-state exercise in healthy adults: Inter-day reliability and relationships with components of partitional calorimetry.
Article in PloS one, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 8 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
8 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 13 citations in OpenAlex.
- Influence of Exercise Heat Acclimation Protocol Characteristics on Adaptation Kinetics: A Quantitative Review With Bayesian Meta-Regressions.Comprehensive physiology · 2025Pooled it
- The effect of 8-day oral taurine supplementation on thermoregulation during low-intensity exercise at fixed heat production in hot conditions of incremental humidity.European journal of applied physiology · 2024Trial
- Caffeine ingestion compromises thermoregulation and does not improve cycling time to exhaustion in the heat amongst males.European journal of applied physiology · 2024Trial
- The maturation of regional sweating patterns from childhood to young adulthood in females.Experimental physiology · 2026Article
- Influence of age and biological sex on sweating in children exercising in warm and hot environments with comparison to adults.The Journal of physiology · 2026Article
- Sweat-Sensing Patches with Integrated Hydrogel Interface for Resting Sweat Collection and Multi-Information Detection.Biosensors · 2025Article
- Estimation of the Number of Active Sweat Glands Through Discrete Sweat Sensing.Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- The effect of female breast surface area on heat-activated sweat gland density and output.Experimental physiology · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectiveInter-day reliability of sweat measurements, including the absorbent patch and modified iodine-paper techniques, at rest and exercise were evaluated. We further evaluated the effect of iodine paper size and the method of establishing sweat gland activation (sweat gland counting or surface area covered) on reliability. Furthermore, the relationships between all measurement techniques and metabolic heat production [Ḣprod] and evaporative requirement for heat balance [Ėreq] were determined.
methodTwelve participants were assessed for whole-body sweat loss (WBSL), local sweat rate (LSR; absorbent patch) and sweat gland activation (SGA; iodine-paper) during rest and sub-maximal cycling at ~200, ~250 and ~300 W/m2 Ḣprod in the heat. Variations in iodine paper (1 x 1 cm-9 x 9 cm) were used to quantify SGA by counting sweat glands or surface area covered. The 'optimal' area of SGA was also determined based on the highest density of recruited glands.
resultsAll measures of the sweating response were positively related with Ḣprod and Ėreq (r = 0.53-0.84), with the 9 x 9 cm and 6 x 6 cm iodine paper sizes being the strongest (r = 0.66-0.84) for SGA. Superior inter-day reliability was found for all measures during exercise (CV% = 6-33.2) compared to rest (CV% = 33.5-77.9). The iodine-paper technique was most reliable at 9 x 9 cm (CV% = 15.9) or when the 1 x 1 cm (CV% = 17.6) and 3 x 3 cm (CV% = 15.5) optimal SGA was determined, particularly when measuring the sweat gland number. SIGNIFICANCE: WBSL, LSR and SGA measurement techniques are sufficiently reliable to detect changes in thermal sweating typically reported. We recommend 9 x 9 cm paper sizes or 1 x 1 cm-3 x 3 cm optimal areas, using either gland counting or surface area to determine SGA.
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