ArticlePloS one2022
Community engagement to increase vaccine uptake: Quasi-experimental evidence from Islamabad and Rawalpindi, Pakistan.
Article in PloS one, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. An erratum has been issued. Cited by 21 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
21 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 27 citations in OpenAlex.
- Strategies and prerequisites for combating health misinformation on social media: a systematic review.BMC public health · 2025Pooled it
- Medication-Related Information on Social Media: Exploring Public Trust, Perceptions of Credibility, and Influence on Behavior.Health science reports · 2026Article
- Community-level COVID-19 vaccination promotion capacity and its association with vaccination dose per capita in China: an entropy-weighted TOPSIS and multilevel analysis.BMC public health · 2026Article
- Low public awareness of the human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine and associated challenges in Pakistan: an editorial.Annals of medicine and surgery (2012) · 2026Article
- Health Equity Barriers to Accessing Vaccination and Screening Services in Low- and Middle-Income Countries: A Narrative Review.Risk management and healthcare policy · 2026Review
- Missed Opportunities for Childhood Immunization in Pakistan: Failure to Vaccinate Despite Health System Contact.Gates open research · 2026Article
- Culturally Tailored Women's Empowerment Strategies to Improve Immunization Uptake: Formative Research Using a Human-Centered Design Approach.JMIR formative research · 2025Article
- Leveraging Ottawa Charter strategies to enhance COVID-19 vaccination: A systematic review of global health promotion approaches.Health promotion perspectives · 2025Review
- Who is (not) vaccinated? A proposal for a comprehensive immunization information system.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2024Article
- Enhancing routine immunization efforts for older adults and frail individuals: Good practices during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic in Italy.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2024Article
- Enhancing vaccination uptake through community engagement: evidence from China.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- How to increase COVID-19 vaccination among a population with persistently suboptimal vaccine uptake? Evidence from the North Macedonia mobile vaccination and public health advice caravan.Health policy (Amsterdam, Netherlands) · 2024Article
- Pakistan's national COVID-19 response: lessons from an emergent response to the pandemic.Frontiers in public health · 2024Article
- Correction: Community engagement to increase vaccine uptake: Quasi-experimental evidence from Islamabad and Rawalpindi, Pakistan.PloS one · 2024Article
- State and territory immunization program activities and their association with human papillomavirus vaccine initiation in the United States of America: A multilevel approach.PLOS global public health · 2024Article
- Article
- Review
- Article
- COVID-19 Vaccine Acceptance, Attitude and Perception among Slum and Underserved Communities: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Vaccines · 2023Review
- Using Social Marketing to Promote COVID-19 Vaccination Uptake: A Case Study from the "AUBe Vaccinated" Campaign.Vaccines · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
- Erratum issued
Authors and funding
7 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Developing countries have been facing difficulties in reaching out to low-income and underserved communities for COVID-19 vaccination coverage. The rapidity of vaccine development caused a mistrust among certain subgroups of the population, and hence innovative approaches were taken to reach out to such populations. Using a sample of 1760 respondents in five low-income, informal localities of Islamabad and Rawalpindi, Pakistan, we evaluated a set of interventions involving community engagement by addressing demand and access barriers. We used multi-level mixed effects models to estimate average treatment effects across treatment areas. We found that our interventions increased COVID-19 vaccine willingness in two treatment areas that are furthest from city centers by 7.6% and 6.6% respectively, while vaccine uptake increased in one of the treatment areas by 17.1%, compared to the control area. Our results suggest that personalized information campaigns such as community mobilization help to increase COVID-19 vaccine willingness. Increasing uptake however, requires improving access to the vaccination services. Both information and access may be different for various communities and therefore a "one-size-fits-all" approach may need to be better localized. Such underserved and marginalized communities are better served if vaccination efforts are contextualized.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.