ArticleMMWR. Morbidity and mortality weekly report2022
SARS-CoV-2 Serology and Self-Reported Infection Among Adults - National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, United States, August 2021-May 2022.
Article in MMWR. Morbidity and mortality weekly report, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 22 papers.
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The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
22 citing papers in PubMed, 36 citations in OpenAlex.
- Life's Essential 8 and Risk of Severe COVID-19 Among Adults Without Clinical Cardiovascular Disease: The C4R Study.Journal of the American Heart Association · 2026Article
- Natural history of self-reported symptoms following SARS-CoV-2 infection: A target trial emulation in a prospective community-recruited cohort.International journal of infectious diseases : IJID : official publication of the International Society for Infectious Diseases · 2026Article
- Binational comparison of the association between socioeconomic status and metabolic syndrome: A nationally representative study in South Korea and the United States.Preventive medicine reports · 2025Article
- SARS-CoV-2 Seroprevalence, Illness Recall, and Work Absenteeism Among Healthcare Workers: A Facility-Based Cross-Sectional Study in the Philippines, 2021.Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America · 2025Article
- Proportions of US Blood Donors With Serological Evidence of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Infections Who Reported Survey-Based Diagnosed Infections During July 2020-December 2022.Open forum infectious diseases · 2025Article
- Seminal plasma proteomics of asymptomatic COVID-19 patients reveals disruption of male reproductive function.BMC genomics · 2025Article
- Association of long COVID documentation with clinical outcomes among Veterans with diabetes.PloS one · 2025Article
- Post-COVID-19 condition symptoms among emergency department patients tested for SARS-CoV-2 infection.Nature communications · 2024Article
- Associations between prior COVID-19 infection and venous thromboembolism following common plastic surgery operations.Journal of plastic, reconstructive & aesthetic surgery : JPRAS · 2024Article
- Associations between COVID-19 and putative markers of neuroinflammation: A diffusion basis spectrum imaging study.Brain, behavior, & immunity - health · 2024Article
- Prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 Infection among Children and Adults in 15 US Communities, 2021Emerging infectious diseases · 2024Article
- A handheld luminometer with sub-attomole limit of detection for distributed applications in global health.PLOS global public health · 2024Article
- Article
- Associations between COVID-19 and putative markers of neuroinflammation: A diffusion basis spectrum imaging study.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2023Article
- Prevalence and correlates of SARS-CoV-2 seropositivity among people who inject drugs in Baltimore, Maryland.Drug and alcohol dependence reports · 2023Article
- Vaccine hesitancy promotes emergence of new SARS-CoV-2 variants.Journal of theoretical biology · 2023Article
- Accuracy of Self-Reported COVID-19 Vaccination Status Compared With a Public Health Vaccination Registry in Québec: Observational Diagnostic Study.JMIR public health and surveillance · 2023Observational
- Patterns in Use and Transplant Outcomes Among Adult Recipients of Kidneys From Deceased Donors With COVID-19.JAMA network open · 2023Article
- Effectiveness of Casirivimab and Imdevimab Antibody Combination in Immunocompromised Hospitalized Patients With Coronavirus Disease 2019: A Post Hoc Analysis in a Phase 1/2/3 Double-Blind Trial.Open forum infectious diseases · 2023Article
- The COVID-19 and Taste Lab: A Mini Course-Based Undergraduate Research Experience on Taste Differences and COVID-19 Susceptibility.Journal of undergraduate neuroscience education : JUNE : a publication of FUN, Faculty for Undergraduate Neuroscience · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
CDC COVID-19 surveillance systems monitor SARS-CoV-2 antibody prevalence to collect information about asymptomatic, undiagnosed, and unreported disease using national convenience samples of blood donor data from commercial laboratories (1,2). However, nonrandom sampling of data from these systems could affect prevalence estimates (1-3). The National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) collects SARS-CoV-2 serology data among a sample of the general U.S. civilian population (4). In addition, NHANES collects self-reported COVID-19 vaccination and disease history, and its statistical sampling design is not based on health care access or blood donation. Therefore, NHANES data can be used to better quantify asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infection prevalence and seropositivity attained through infection without vaccination. Preliminary NHANES 2021-2022 results indicated that 41.6% of adults aged ≥18 years had serology indicative of past infection and that 43.7% of these adults, including 57.1% of non-Hispanic Black or African American (Black) adults, reported never having had COVID-19, possibly representing asymptomatic infection. In addition, 25.5% of adults whose serology indicated past infection reported never having received COVID-19 vaccination. Prevalences of seropositivity in the absence of vaccination were higher among younger adults and Black adults, reflecting the lower observed vaccination rates among these groups (5). These findings raise health equity concerns given the disparities observed in SARS-CoV-2 infection and COVID-19 vaccination. Results from NHANES 2021-2022 can guide ongoing efforts to achieve vaccine equity in COVID-19 primary vaccination series and booster dose coverage.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.