ArticleForensic toxicology2022
Distribution profiles of diphenhydramine and lidocaine in scalp, axillary, and pubic hairs measured by micro-segmental hair analysis: good indicator for discrimination between administration and external contamination of the drugs.
Article in Forensic toxicology, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.
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Who cites it
3 citing papers in PubMed, 10 citations in OpenAlex.
- Segmental Hair Analysis of Diphenhydramine and Cyclizine Following a Single Dose.Drug testing and analysis · 2026Article
- Stability of formoterol concentration in scalp hair of patients using maintenance formoterol therapy for asthma or COPD (INCTFISH).Frontiers in pharmacology · 2025Article
- Micro-segmental hair analysis: detailed procedures and applications in forensic toxicology.Forensic toxicology · 2022Review
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Authors and funding
8 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
purposeDrug distribution in scalp hair can provide historical information about drug use, such as the date and frequency of drug ingestion. We previously developed micro-segmental hair analysis, which visualizes drug distribution at 0.4-mm intervals in individual hairs. The present study examines whether the distribution profiles of drugs can be markers for the administration or external contamination of the drugs using scalp, axillary, and pubic hairs.
methodsA single dose of anti-itch ointment containing diphenhydramine (DP) and lidocaine (LD) was topically applied to the axillary or pubic areas of two volunteers; DP was also orally administered; and LD was intra-gingivally injected. Scalp, axillary, and pubic hairs were assessed using our micro-segmental analysis.
resultsThe localization of DP and LD differed within individual scalp hair strands, implying DP and LD were predominantly incorporated into scalp hair via the bloodstream and via sweat/sebum, respectively, showing double-peak profiles. However, DP and LD were distributed along the shafts of axillary and pubic hairs without appearance of the double-peak profiles when the ointment had been applied to the axillary and pubic areas. The distributions of DP and LD in scalp hairs did not significantly differ according to administration routes, such as oral administration, gingival injection, and topical application.
conclusionsMicro-segmental analysis revealed differences in the distribution profiles of drugs in hairs, and distinguished hairs with and without external contamination. These findings will be useful for understanding of the mechanism of drug uptake into hair and for estimating the circumstances for a drug use.
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