Fabrication of 3D oriented carbon nanofiber by two-nuzzle electrospinning as a cell scaffold.

One of the important issues in tissue engineering has been the development of 3D scaffolds, which guide cells to grow functional tissues and allow the diffusion of nutrients, metabolites, and soluble factors. Factors governing scaffold design include considerations of pore size and morphology, mechanical properties versus porosity, surface properties, and appropriate biodegradability. Three-dimensional structures with low density, high surface area and porosity can be utilized effectively in the tissue engineering. Recently two-nozzle electrospinning was used for fabricate polymeric and ceramic bulky layers with specific formulation. Fabrication of 3D carbon nanofiber with this method was investigated in this assay with FESEM, TGA-DTA, FTIR and XRD. Polyacrylonitrile was used as precursor. The collector speed was changed (15, 30, 60, 150, 300 and 450 rpm) to result in oriented 3D carbon nanofiber after stepwise thermal process under neutral gas atmosphere. The effect of the mechanical force applied by the collector rotation not only can arranged carbon fiber mat but also can change the crystallinity of the carbon structure. The viability and growth capability of cells on nanofibers towards the lowest cytotoxicity of them proved by MTT test. The growth characteristic of neural and mouse bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells cultured in the webs showed the good adhesion with the blown web relative to a normal electrospun mat. The electrospun nanofibers mat had good tensile properties and high porosity and provides a favorable environment for neural cell attachment and proliferation comparable to other scaffolds. The cell viability and cell growth capability in prepared nanofibers were assessed.