ArticleClinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America2023
Trends in Cases, Hospitalizations, and Mortality Related to the Omicron BA.4/BA.5 Subvariants in South Africa.
Article in Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 21 papers.
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Who cites it
21 citing papers in PubMed, 26 citations in OpenAlex.
- Development and validation of a prognostic model based on clinical laboratory biomarkers to predict admission to ICU in Omicron variant-infected hospitalized patients complicated with myocardial injury.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Trial
- Validation of the APACHE‑II scoring system in critically ill patients diagnosed with COVID‑19 and admitted at a regional‑level hospital intensive care unit: A retrospective study.The Southern African journal of critical care : the official journal of the Critical Care Society · 2025Article
- SARS-CoV-2 Nsp6-Omicron causes less damage to the Drosophila heart and mouse cardiomyocytes than ancestral Nsp6.Communications biology · 2024Article
- In-hospital mortality during the wild-type, alpha, delta, and omicron SARS-CoV-2 waves: a multinational cohort study in the EuCARE project.The Lancet regional health. Europe · 2024Article
- Inequalities in regional excess mortality and life expectancy during the COVID-19 pandemic in Europe.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Impact of COVID-19 on risks and deaths of non-communicable diseases in the Western Pacific region.The Lancet regional health. Western Pacific · 2024Review
- Post-acute sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 infection in health care workers from South Africa.Oxford open immunology · 2024Article
- SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variants BA.4 and BA.5 dominated the fifth COVID-19 epidemiological wave in Mexico.Microbial genomics · 2023Article
- Effectiveness of the Original COVID-19 Vaccine against COVID-19 Exacerbations during the Omicron Wave: A Population-based Study in Okayama, Japan.JMA journal · 2023Article
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- Key Considerations during the Transition from the Acute Phase of the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Narrative Review.Vaccines · 2023Review
- A Comparison of Clinical Presentations in Coronavirus Disease 2019 Caused by Different Omicron Variants in Japan: A Retrospective Study.Internal medicine (Tokyo, Japan) · 2023Observational
- Analysis of Factors Influencing the Clinical Severity of Omicron and Delta Variants.Tropical medicine and infectious disease · 2023Article
- Locating Medical Information during an Infodemic: Information Seeking Behavior and Strategies of Health-Care Workers in Germany.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Vaccine- and Breakthrough Infection-Elicited Pre-Omicron Immunity More Effectively Neutralizes Omicron BA.1, BA.2, BA.4 and BA.5 Than Pre-Omicron Infection Alone.Current issues in molecular biology · 2023Article
- An updated review of epidemiological characteristics, immune escape, and therapeutic advances of SARS-CoV-2 Omicron XBB.1.5 and other mutants.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2023Review
- Differential in-hospital mortality and intensive care treatment over time: Informing hospital pathways for modelling COVID-19 in South Africa.PLOS global public health · 2023Article
- Comparable cellular and humoral immunity upon homologous and heterologous COVID-19 vaccination regimens in kidney transplant recipients.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Article
- Influencing factors of nucleic acid negative conversion in patients with mild and common COVID-19 induced by the Omicron variant of SARS-COV-2.Zhejiang da xue xue bao. Yi xue ban = Journal of Zhejiang University. Medical sciences · 2022Article
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Authors and funding
20 authors at 6 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundIn this study, we compared admission incidence risk and the risk of mortality in the Omicron BA.4/BA.5 wave to previous waves.
methodsData from South Africa's SARS-CoV-2 case linelist, national COVID-19 hospital surveillance system, and Electronic Vaccine Data System were linked and analyzed. Wave periods were defined when the country passed a weekly incidence of 30 cases/100 000 population. In-hospital case fatality ratios (CFRs) during the Delta, Omicron BA.1/BA.2, and Omicron BA.4/BA.5 waves were compared using post-imputation random effect multivariable logistic regression models.
resultsThe CFR was 25.9% (N = 37 538 of 144 778), 10.9% (N = 6123 of 56 384), and 8.2% (N = 1212 of 14 879) in the Delta, Omicron BA.1/BA.2, and Omicron BA.4/BA.5 waves, respectively. After adjusting for age, sex, race, comorbidities, health sector, and province, compared with the Omicron BA.4/BA.5 wave, patients had higher risk of mortality in the Omicron BA.1/BA.2 wave (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 1.3; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.2-1.4) and Delta wave (aOR, 3.0; 95% CI: 2.8-3.2). Being partially vaccinated (aOR, 0.9; 95% CI: .9-.9), fully vaccinated (aOR, 0.6; 95% CI: .6-.7), and boosted (aOR, 0.4; 95% CI: .4-.5) and having prior laboratory-confirmed infection (aOR, 0.4; 95% CI: .3-.4) were associated with reduced risks of mortality.
conclusionsOverall, admission incidence risk and in-hospital mortality, which had increased progressively in South Africa's first 3 waves, decreased in the fourth Omicron BA.1/BA.2 wave and declined even further in the fifth Omicron BA.4/BA.5 wave. Mortality risk was lower in those with natural infection and vaccination, declining further as the number of vaccine doses increased.
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