ArticleClinical ophthalmology (Auckland, N.Z.)2022
An All-Digital, Binocular, Indirect Virtual Video Ophthalmoscope: A Novel Approach to Retinal Examination and Photography.
Article in Clinical ophthalmology (Auckland, N.Z.), 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 5 papers.
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Who cites it
5 citing papers in PubMed, 3 citations in OpenAlex.
- Long-Term Tolerability and Safety of AAV5-Id3 Gene Therapy to Eyes.Translational vision science & technology · 2026Article
- Advances in the application of virtual reality technology in ophthalmic surgical skills training.International journal of ophthalmology · 2026Review
- Application of smartphone ophthalmoscope in ophthalmic clinical practice and teaching.International journal of ophthalmology · 2025Review
- Diagnostic challenges in high myopia: identification of sight-threatening complications and the role of artificial intelligence.Frontiers in ophthalmology · 2025Review
- Article
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Purpose: We describe a novel method of digital, virtual-reality based binocular indirect ophthalmoscopy which allows for simultaneous stereoscopic recording of the examination with the potential of real-time anatomic correction of the retinal view. Materials and Methods: A provisional prototype of the all-digital, binocular, indirect virtual stereo video ophthalmoscope was designed consisting of a generic LED light source and two synchronized closely spaced side-by-side minicameras which are connected to a processor, storage media (a Samsung note-9 android smartphone in the current provisional prototype), and a virtual reality set (VISIONHMD Bigeyes H1 3D Video Glasses, in the current prototype). A custom designed android application was developed to capture the examination media and allow optional real-time anatomical correction of the examination view. Binocular stereoscopic indirect ophthalmoscopy was attempted on 15 eyes of 15 patients without and with digital real-time anatomic correction of the examination view. Results: Binocular, video, stereo ophthalmoscopic media could be successfully obtained in all 15 patients. Anatomic correction of the examination view as well as a collateral observer's view could be achieved in all 15 patients. Conclusion: An all-digital, binocular, stereo, video indirect ophthalmoscopy is a feasible alternative for conventional binocular indirect ophthalmoscopy and provides stereoscopic video documentation identical to what the examiner sees. The examination video can be streamed in the real-time of the examination for educational or telemedicine purposes.
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