ReviewFrontiers in immunology2022
Challenges in diagnostic testing of nephritic factors.
Review in Frontiers in immunology, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 9 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
9 citing papers in PubMed, 10 citations in OpenAlex.
- Characterizing Properdin-Inhibited C3 Nephritic Factors in Patients with Complement-Mediated Kidney Diseases.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Article
- Complement Dysregulation in Kidney Diseases: Mechanisms, Biomarkers, and Emerging Targeted Therapies.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- IdeZ protease does not prevent convertase stabilization by C3 nephritic factors in C3 glomerulopathy.Nephrology, dialysis, transplantation : official publication of the European Dialysis and Transplant Association - European Renal Association · 2025Article
- Autoantibodies Against Factor B and Factor H Without Pathogenic Effects in a Patient with Immune Complex-Mediated Membranoproliferative Glomerulonephritis.Biomedicines · 2025Article
- Acquired drivers of C3 glomerulopathy.Clinical kidney journal · 2025Review
- When a NeF Is Not Enough: Improving Assays in C3 Glomerulopathy.Journal of the American Society of Nephrology : JASN · 2025Article
- Case Report: Possible C3 nephritic factor-driven complement-mediated severe hemolytic anemia and acute kidney injury in a child withFrontiers in immunology · 2025Article
- Expert Discussion on Challenges in C3G Diagnosis: A Podcast Article on Best Practices in Kidney Biopsies.Advances in therapy · 2023Article
- Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Nephritic factors (NeFs) are autoantibodies promoting the activity of the central enzymes of the complement cascade, an important first line of defense of our innate immune system. NeFs stabilize the complement convertase complexes and prevent their natural and regulator-mediated decay. They are mostly associated with rare complement-mediated kidney disorders, in particular with C3 glomerulopathy and related diseases. Although these autoantibodies were already described more than 50 years ago, measuring NeFs for diagnostic purposes remains difficult, and this also complicates our understanding of their clinical associations. In this review, we address the multifactorial challenges of NeF diagnostics. We describe the diseases NeFs are associated with, the heterogenic mechanisms of action of different NeF types, the different methods available in laboratories used for their detection, and efforts for standardization. Finally, we discuss the importance of proper NeF diagnostics for understanding the clinical impact of these autoantibodies in disease pathophysiology and for considering future complement-directed therapy.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.