Evidence map›Paper›PMID 36451595›Full record

ReviewBJPsych open2022

Dissociation and its biological and clinical associations in functional neurological disorder: systematic review and meta-analysis.

Malcolm C Campbell, Abigail Smakowski, Maya Rojas-Aguiluz, Laura H Goldstein, Etzel Cardeña, Timothy R Nicholson, Antje A T S Reinders, Susannah Pick

Registry-linked trialOpen access · goldAbstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in BJPsych open, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT06145971 (Assessing the Impact of Brief Cognitive Behavioural Therapy for Insomnia on Sleep Difficulties in a Dissociative Seizure Population, Using a Single-Case Experimental Design.), which is not on this map. Cited by 22 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
22citing papers in PubMed, 2 pooled it
6.0field-weighted citation impact, top 2% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

NCT06145971 nacompletednot on this mapstarted 2024, after this paper: background citation

Assessing the Impact of Brief Cognitive Behavioural Therapy for Insomnia on Sleep Difficulties in a Dissociative Seizure Population, Using a Single-Case Experimental Design.

TypeinterventionalSponsorUniversity of GlasgowRan2024 to 2025Enrolled3ConditionsDissociative Seizures, Functional Seizures, Psychogenic Nonepileptic Seizures, InsomniaArmsbrief Cognitive Behavioural Therapy for Insomnia (bCBTi)
3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

22 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 44 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Pooled it
  3. Review
  4. Article
  5. Article
  6. Article
  7. Article
  8. Article
  9. Review
  10. Diagnostic labels in functional disorders.Future healthcare journal · 2025
    Article
  11. Article
  12. The Induction of Dissociative States: A Meta-Analysis.Biological psychiatry global open science · 2025
    Article
  13. Developmental regression associated with PTSD in children: a poorly defined and understudied phenomenon.Scandinavian journal of child and adolescent psychiatry and psychology · 2025
    Article
  14. Article
  15. Review
  16. Article
  17. Article
  18. Article
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors at 3 institutions in 3 countries.

Malcolm C CampbellInstitute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, UK; and Central and North West London NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1710-9363
Abigail SmakowskiInstitute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, UK; and University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9367-2970
Maya Rojas-AguiluzInstitute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, UK.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5279-4936
Laura H GoldsteinInstitute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, UK.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9387-3035
Etzel CardeñaCenter for Research on Consciousness and Anomalous Psychology (CERCAP), Department of Psychology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6775-8017
Timothy R NicholsonInstitute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, UK.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2350-2332
Antje A T S ReindersInstitute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, UK.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7987-1532
Susannah PickInstitute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, UK.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2001-6723
King's College London · GBLund University · SEUniversität Hamburg · DE

Funding

Medical Research Council MR/V032771/1
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundStudies have reported elevated rates of dissociative symptoms and comorbid dissociative disorders in functional neurological disorder (FND); however, a comprehensive review is lacking.

aimsTo systematically review the severity of dissociative symptoms and prevalence of comorbid dissociative disorders in FND and summarise their biological and clinical associations.

methodWe searched Embase, PsycInfo and MEDLINE up to June 2021, combining terms for FND and dissociation. Studies were eligible if reporting dissociative symptom scores or rates of comorbid dissociative disorder in FND samples. Risk of bias was appraised using modified Newcastle-Ottawa criteria. The findings were synthesised qualitatively and dissociative symptom scores were included in a meta-analysis (PROSPERO CRD42020173263).

resultsSeventy-five studies were eligible (FND

conclusionsOur findings highlight the potential clinical utility of assessing patients with FND for dissociative symptomatology. However, fewer studies investigated FND samples with motor symptoms and heterogeneity between studies and risk of bias were high. Rigorous investigation of the prevalence, features and mechanistic relevance of dissociation in FND is needed.

Indexed as

conversion disorderdissociationdissociative disordersFunctional neurological disorderpsychogenic non-epileptic seizures

Identifiers

PMID36451595
PMCPMC9798224
OpenAlexW4310534348

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.