Evidence map›Paper›PMID 36451189›Full record

SynthesisJournal of health, population, and nutrition2022

Pooled prevalence of food away from home (FAFH) and associated non-communicable disease (NCD) markers: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Swapnil Godbharle, Angeline Jeyakumar, Bibek Raj Giri, Hema Kesa

Abstract readMeta-AnalysisSystematic Review
In one paragraph

Synthesis in Journal of health, population, and nutrition, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 18 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
18citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

18 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Public health perspectives on out-of-home food consumption in Thailand.Asia Pacific journal of clinical nutrition · 2026
    Review
  3. Away-from-home meals: an integral part of Malaysia's food environment.Asia Pacific journal of clinical nutrition · 2026
    Review
  4. Article
  5. Article
  6. Article
  7. Article
  8. Article
  9. Article
  10. Calorie labelling and other drivers of takeaway food choices.BMJ nutrition, prevention & health · 2025
    Article
  11. Article
  12. Article
  13. Article
  14. Article
  15. Article
  16. Article
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  18. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

4 authors.

Swapnil GodbharleFood Evolution Research Laboratory (FERL), School of Tourism and Hospitality Management, College of Business and Economics, University of Johannesburg, Johannesburg, South Africa. swapnilg660@gmail.com.
Angeline JeyakumarFood Evolution Research Laboratory (FERL), School of Tourism and Hospitality Management, College of Business and Economics, University of Johannesburg, Johannesburg, South Africa.
Bibek Raj GiriDepartment of Health Sciences, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Ganeshkhind Road, Pune, Maharashtra, 411007, India.
Hema KesaFood Evolution Research Laboratory (FERL), School of Tourism and Hospitality Management, College of Business and Economics, University of Johannesburg, Johannesburg, South Africa.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundFood away from home (FAFH) is an 'eating behavior' widely practiced across nations, more common in developed nations. Likewise, in developing countries an increase of close to 50% indicates an upsurge in FAFH consumption. While various indices and tools are used to assess diet quality, diversity, or healthy eating, FAFH is less utilized to study dietary behaviors and the associated disease risk.

objectiveTo calculate the pooled estimate of FAFH and identify the associated non-communicable disease (NCD) markers.

designSystematic review and meta-analysis.

methodsIndependent electronic searches were conducted across 6 databases: Medline, Web of Science, Scopus, Cochrane library, Ingenta, and CAB direct. Observational studies investigating the association between FAFH and NCD markers published between the year 2011 and 2021 were eligible for inclusion. Studies that included overweight or obese participants, pregnant women, or those under institutional care at baseline were excluded. The guidelines for reporting meta-analysis of observational studies in epidemiology were adhered to in the preparation of this systematic review.

resultsThe random effects combined estimate for the overall prevalence of FAFH was 39.96% (95% CI 29.97-53.29). High heterogeneity (τ

conclusionOur work confirms FAFH as an evolving dietary behavior in both developing and developed countries, emphasizing the lack of representation from low-income countries. The association of FAFH with obesity and non-communicable disease risk is reinforced by our analyses. These findings should enable policy decisions to meet the rising demand of FAFH with healthier options to prevent the risk of NCD.

Indexed as

Noncommunicable DiseasesBiomarkersDiet, HealthyFemaleFoodHumansObesityObservational Studies as TopicPregnancyPrevalenceBiomarkersAnthropometric changesDietary behaviorFood away from homeNon-communicable diseases

Identifiers

PMID36451189
PMCPMC9709732

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.