ArticleBMJ open2022
Trends in the prevalence of metabolically healthy and unhealthy obesity in the US adult population: analysis of eight NHANES cross-sectional survey cycles, 1999-2014.
Article in BMJ open, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 8 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
8 citing papers in PubMed.
- Associations Between Healthy Eating, Physical Activity, and Stress Among African American Adults Using Ecological Momentary Assessment Methodology: A Narrative Review.American journal of lifestyle medicine · 2026Review
- Prediction of metabolically healthy obesity based on dietary nutrients: a comparative analysis of six machine learning models with SHAP and LIME interpretation.Eating and weight disorders : EWD · 2026Article
- Association between albumin-bilirubin (ALBI) score and metabolically healthy obesity among US adults: findings from NHANES 2005-2018.BMC endocrine disorders · 2026Article
- Distinct metabolic syndrome profiles across Asian American subpopulations.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Trends in Metabolically Unhealthy Obesity by Age, Sex, Race/Ethnicity, and Income among United States Adults, 1999 to 2018.Diabetes & metabolism journal · 2025Article
- Body composition and environmental factors' influence on metabolically unhealthy obesity in children: insights from the CCACH study.Frontiers in nutrition · 2025Article
- Exploring metabolically healthy obesity: prevalence, characteristics, and cardiovascular risk in the Iranian population based on the STEPS 2021.Journal of diabetes and metabolic disorders · 2024Article
- Phthalate metabolites and sex steroid hormones in relation to obesity in US adults: NHANES 2013-2016.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectiveTo exam the time trend of the prevalence of metabolically healthy obesity (MHO) in the US adult population.
designEight cross-sectional survey cycles.
settingNational Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES), 1999-2014.
participants16 459 NHANES participants aged 20 years and older. PRIMARY OUTCOME MEASURE: MHO was defined as central obesity (waist circumference ≥102 cm for men and ≥88 cm for women) without any of the following conditions: elevated levels of blood pressure (≥130/85 mm Hg), glucose (≥100 mg/dL) and triglycerides (≥150 mm/dL); reduced levels of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (<40 mg/dL for men and <50 mg/dL for women) or any medication use for high cholesterol, hypertension or diabetes.
resultsThe prevalence of central obesity significantly increased from 45.2% in 1999-2000 to 56.7% in 2013-2014 (p=0.003). Over the same period, MHO prevalence among those with central obesity only slightly and non-significantly increased from 11.0% to 15.7% (p=0.38). However, MHO prevalence among women increased significantly (p=0.04) from 7.1% to 13.7%. Female gender, a younger age, being Hispanic and non-Hispanic black and high education (some college or above) were significantly (p<0.05) associated with higher prevalence of MHO.
conclusionsWhile the prevalence of central obesity in the US population has increased since 1999, the prevalence of MHO among those who are centrally obese remained fairly stable.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.