ArticlePloS one2022
Defining cardiac cell populations and relative cellular composition of the early fetal human heart.
Article in PloS one, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 12 papers.
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Who cites it
12 citing papers in PubMed, 16 citations in OpenAlex.
- Priming of human iPSCs with doxorubicin causes genome-wide transcriptional reprogramming and functional impairments in iPSC-derived cardiomyocytes.NPJ Regenerative medicine · 2026Article
- Co-culturing hiPSC-cardiomyocytes and cardiac fibroblasts enhances engineered heart tissue structure and function.Stem cells translational medicine · 2026Article
- Proteomic Signatures in Extracellular Vesicles as Predictive Markers of Neural and Cardiac Differentiation from Human iPSCs.Mass spectrometry (Tokyo, Japan) · 2026Article
- Quantification of morphological, functional, and biochemical features of H9c2 rat cardiomyoblast retinoic acid differentiation.Journal of molecular and cellular cardiology plus · 2025Article
- CITED Proteins in Cardiac Development and Lifelong Heart Function.Journal of personalized medicine · 2025Review
- Cardiac Development, Cellular Composition and Function: From Regulatory Mechanisms to Applications.Cells · 2025Review
- Building the framework for bioprinted human heart tissue: recent developments and future prospects.Regenerative medicine · 2025Review
- The Core Circadian Clock Factor, Bmal1, Transduces Sex-specific Differences in Both Rhythmic and Nonrhythmic Gene Expression in the Mouse Heart.Function (Oxford, England) · 2025Article
- Modeling doxorubicin-induced-cardiotoxicity through breast cancer patient specific iPSC-derived heart organoid.Heliyon · 2024Article
- Generation of human vascularized and chambered cardiac organoids for cardiac disease modelling and drug evaluation.Cell proliferation · 2024Article
- Flagellin-Induced Immune Response in Human-Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell-Derived Cardiomyocytes.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Article
- Emerging Roles of Phospholipase C Beta Isozymes as Potential Biomarkers in Cardiac Disorders.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
While the adult human heart is primarily composed of cardiomyocytes, fibroblasts, endothelial and smooth muscle cells, the cellular composition during early development remains largely unknown. Reliable identification of fetal cardiac cell types using protein markers is critical to understand cardiac development and delineate the cellular composition of the developing human heart. This is the first study to use immunohistochemistry (IHC), flow cytometry and RT-PCR analyses to investigate the expression and specificity of commonly used cardiac cell markers in the early human fetal heart (8-12 post-conception weeks). The expression of previously reported protein markers for the detection of cardiomyocytes (Myosin Heavy Chain (MHC) and cardiac troponin I (cTnI), fibroblasts (DDR2, THY1, Vimentin), endothelial cells (CD31) and smooth muscle cells (α-SMA) were assessed. Two distinct populations of cTnI positive cells were identified through flow cytometry, with MHC positive cardiomyocytes showing high cTnI expression (cTnIHigh) while MHC negative non-myocytes showed lower cTnI expression (cTnILow). cTnI expression in non-myocytes was further confirmed by IHC and RT-PCR analyses, suggesting troponins are not cardiomyocyte-specific and may play distinct roles in non-muscle cells during early development. Vimentin (VIM) was expressed in cultured ventricular fibroblast populations and flow cytometry revealed VIMHigh and VIMLow cell populations in the fetal heart. MHC positive cardiomyocytes were VIMLow whilst CD31 positive endothelial cells were VIMHigh. Using markers investigated within this study, we characterised fetal human cardiac populations and estimate that 75-80% of fetal cardiac cells are cardiomyocytes and are MHC+/cTnIHigh/VIMLow, whilst non-myocytes comprise 20-25% of total cells and are MHC-/cTnILow/VIMHigh, with CD31+ endothelial cells comprising ~9% of this population. These findings show distinct differences from those reported for adult heart.
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