SynthesisJMIR public health and surveillance2022
Underestimated Prevalence of HIV, Hepatitis B Virus (HBV), and Hepatitis D Virus (HDV) Triple Infection Globally: Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.
Synthesis in JMIR public health and surveillance, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 9 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
9 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Unveiling the underestimated prevalence of HIV, HBV and TB triple infection in Asia, South America, and Africa: a systematic review and meta-analysis.BMC infectious diseases · 2025Pooled it
- Prevalence and burden of HBV-HIV co-morbidity: a global systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in public health · 2025Pooled it
- Review
- Prevalence of Hepatitis D and Its Impact on the Clinical Efficacy of Antiretroviral Therapy in People With HBV/HIV-1 in Guangdong Province, China.Open forum infectious diseases · 2026Article
- Article
- Projected epidemiological trends and burden of liver cancer by 2040 based on GBD, CI5plus, and WHO data.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Advances in the Elimination of Viral Hepatitis in Mexico: A Local Perspective on the Global Initiative.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
- Prevalence of Hepatitis D in People Living with HIV: A National Cross-Sectional Pilot Study.Viruses · 2024Article
- HIV and an Ageing Population-What Are the Medical, Psychosocial, and Palliative Care Challenges in Healthcare Provisions.Microorganisms · 2023Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
10 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundHepatitis delta virus (HDV) is a satellite RNA virus that relies on hepatitis B virus (HBV) for transmission. HIV/HBV/HDV coinfection or triple infection is common and has a worse prognosis than monoinfection.
objectiveWe aimed to reveal the epidemiological characteristics of HIV/HBV/HDV triple infection in the global population.
methodsA systematic literature search in PubMed, Embase, and the Cochrane Library was performed for studies of the prevalence of HIV/HBV/HDV triple infection published from January 1, 1990, to May 31, 2021. The Der Simonian-Laird random effects model was used to calculate the pooled prevalence.
resultsWe included 14 studies with 11,852 participants. The pooled triple infection rate in the global population was 7.4% (877/11,852; 95% CI 0.73%-29.59%). The results of the subgroup analysis showed that the prevalence of triple infection was significantly higher in the Asian population (214/986, 21.4%; 95% CI 7.1%-35.8%), in men (212/5579, 3.8%; 95% CI 2.5%-5.2%), and in men who have sex with men (216/2734, 7.9%; 95% CI 4.3%-11.4%). In addition, compared with people living with HIV, the HIV/HBV/HDV triple infection rate was higher in people with hepatitis B.
conclusionsThis meta-analysis suggests that the prevalence of HIV/HBV/HDV triple infection in the global population is underestimated, and we should focus more effort on the prevention and control of HIV/HBV/HDV triple infection.
trial registrationPROSPERO CRD42021273949; https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?RecordID=273949.
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