ArticleJAMA network open2022
Analysis of Clinical Outcomes of Pregnant Patients Treated With Nirmatrelvir and Ritonavir for Acute SARS-CoV-2 Infection.
Article in JAMA network open, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 12 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
12 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 24 citations in OpenAlex.
- Safety and efficacy of major antiviral and immune therapies in pregnancy for maternal viral infections: evidence synthesis of maternal and neonatal outcomes.Frontiers in medicine · 2026Pooled it
- Nirmatrelvir/ritonavir use in pregnant women with SARS-CoV-2 Omicron infection: a target trial emulation.Nature medicine · 2024Trial
- Birth Outcomes Following Anti-viral Therapy for Treatment of COVID-19 During Pregnancy.Maternal and child health journal · 2025Article
- COVID-19 Antiviral Medication Use Among Pregnant and Recently Pregnant US Outpatients.Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America · 2025Article
- Pathogenesis of viral infections during pregnancy.Clinical microbiology reviews · 2024Review
- Prenatal SARS-CoV-2 infection results in neurodevelopmental and behavioral outcomes in mice.JCI insight · 2024Article
- Pharmacokinetic analysis of placental transfer of ritonavir as a component of paxlovid using microdialysis in pregnant rats.Heliyon · 2024Article
- Adverse outcomes in SARS-CoV-2-infected pregnant mice are gestational age-dependent and resolve with antiviral treatment.The Journal of clinical investigation · 2023Article
- COVID-19: An Update on Epidemiology, Prevention and Treatment, September-2023.Infectious diseases & clinical microbiology · 2023Review
- Nirmatrelvir-Ritonavir (Paxlovid) for Mild Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) in Pregnancy and Lactation.Obstetrics and gynecology · 2023Article
- COVID-19 Pharmacotherapy in Pregnancy: A Literature Review of Current Therapeutic Choices.Viruses · 2023Review
- Efficacy of traditional Chinese medicine on shortening the negative conversion time of SARS-CoV-2 ribonucleic acid in patients with mild COVID-19: a retrospective cohort study.Science in One Health · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Importance: Pregnant people are at increased risk of poor outcomes due to infection with SARS-CoV-2, and there are limited therapeutic options available. Objective: To evaluate the clinical outcomes associated with nirmatrelvir and ritonavir used to treat SARS-CoV-2 infection in pregnant patients. Design, Setting, and Participants: This case series included pregnant patients who were diagnosed with SARS-CoV-2 infection, received nirmatrelvir and ritonavir, and delivered their offspring within the Johns Hopkins Health System between December 22, 2021, and August 20, 2022. Exposures: Treatment with nirmatrelvir and ritonavir for SARS-CoV-2 infection during pregnancy. Main Outcomes and Measures: Clinical characteristics and outcomes were ascertained through manual record review. Results: Forty-seven pregnant patients (median [range] age, 34 [22-43] years) were included in the study, and the median (range) gestational age of their offspring was 28.4 (4.3-39.6) weeks. Medication was initiated at a median (range) of 1 (0-5) day after symptom onset, and only 2 patients [4.3%] did not complete the course of therapy because of adverse effects. Thirty patients (63.8%) treated with nirmatrelvir and ritonavir had a comorbidity in addition to pregnancy that could be a risk factor for developing severe COVID-19. Twenty-five patients [53.2%] delivered after treatment with nirmatrelvir and ritonavir. Twelve of these patients [48.0%] underwent cesarean delivery, 9 [75.0%] of which were scheduled. Two of 47 patients [4.3%] were hospitalized for conditions related to preexisting comorbidities. Conclusions and Relevance: In this case series, pregnant patients who were treated with nirmatrelvir and ritonavir tolerated treatment well, although there was an unexpectedly high rate of cesarean deliveries. The lack of an increase in serious adverse effects affecting pregnant patients or offspring suggests that clinicians can use this drug combination to treat pregnant patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection.
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